62 RUTLEDGE T. WILTBANK 



groups, there was no maze-learning that rivalled the re- 

 learning of the first maze, as far as the time-criterion was 

 concerned. The evidence furnished by the time-criterion, 

 accordingly, is more favorable than that furnished by the 

 other criteria to the continuance of beneficial effect of the 

 first learning throughout the series. 



When the records are surveyed together, it is seen that 

 only one group showed, according to all three criteria, 

 signs of the retention of the beneficial effects of the habit 

 formed in the first learning of the first maze. If the first 

 and second groups showed evidences of the retention of 

 the beneficial effect in time, they showed no unmistakable 

 evidence of such benefit in either trials or errors. The 

 most that can be said therefore is that the favorable results 

 of having learned a maze do not always appear upon the 

 relearning of it after the learning of four intervening mazes, 

 irrespective of the patterns and order of the intervening 

 mazes; but that there may be such patterns and such an 

 order as taken together will result in a saving, according 

 to one, two or three criteria, although within the limits 

 of the present experiment there was but one series upon 

 which the beneficial effect was seen as judged by all three 

 criteria. It cannot be determined on the basis of these 

 results whether, in those cases where the maze on being 

 relearned was, to all intents and purposes, a new one, 

 the loss of the benefit was due to the disintegration of the 

 benefit was due to the disintegration of the habit through 

 the lapse of time since its original learning, or to the in- 

 terference of the habits acquired since the first; or if 

 due to both, in what proportion to each. 



