REDINIEGRATION IN ALBINO RAT — A STUDY IN RETENTION 61 



the integration of stepping on the plane, and the same 

 " error " followed in redintegration. It seems possible 

 then that a dominant " error " is to be found in every 

 problem, and that the recurrence of this " error " is to 

 be expected in trials after retention. In regard to the 

 effect of incomplete learning on retention and redintegra- 

 tion, therefore, the conclusion from the maze has been 

 confirmed by these results on the plane. That is, in general, 

 the better established is integration in the whole process 

 of the learning, the fewer will be the imperfect integrations 

 during redintegration, allowing always that the capacity 

 of the organism to retain the integrations may tend to 

 affect the exercise of the habit after the retention period. 

 Evidently, then, the dominant " error " that appeared in 

 learning reappeared in redintegration — a recapitulation 

 being probable; that is, in the inclined plan problem 

 " errors " in learning and redintegration are chiefly those 

 pertaining to the plunging of the plane. The maze and 

 the inclined plane present similar difficulties in establishing 

 integrations, which with some individuals are more difficult 

 than with others. These integrations are recorded in the 

 imperfect integrations usually called " errors." 



III. Individual Differences 

 Before proceeding to the general discussion of results, 

 the subject of individual differences, appearing in learning 

 and redintegration, seems worthy of consideration. The 

 point has been observed in preceding pages that the learn- 

 ing and redintegration of all individuals have many char- 

 acteristics in common, such as the reappearance in redin- 

 tegration of " errors " which appeared in learning. The 

 object of this chapter is to show some differences which 

 characterize individuals in learning and redintegration. 

 It is not necessary for the present purpose to reconsider 

 the records of every individual. However, in order to 

 explicitly point out concrete examples of differences, some 

 certain group should be considered. Tables V-A and 

 V-B will be most advantageous for the present, owing to 

 the fact that some individuals in this group were perfect 

 in redintegration. 



