20 HAROLD C. BINGHAM 



Finally, the latest paper dealing with chick reactions is by 

 Fletcher, Cowan, and Arlitt (8a) / They have made compara- 

 tive observations of chicks hatched, from normal eggs, from 

 alcholized eggs, from eggs with distilled water inserted, and 

 from eggs merely pierced and sealed. Inherited and acquired 

 reactions of these four groups were observed after the manner of 

 Breed (4-5). They have contributed nothing to the topic of 

 visual acuity. 



In addition to this chick literature, studies in bird vision have 

 been made by Porter (24a-24b) on the sparrow, cowbird, and 

 pigeon; by Tugman (31) on the sparrow; and by Coburn (6) on 

 the crow. In technique, the work of Porter is similar to that of 

 Katz and Revesz (17-18) but it reflects less ingenuity than the 

 German papers. However, Porter's work was done a little 

 earlier than that of Katz and Revesz and he seems to have been 

 better acquainted with the historical setting of his task. Co- 

 burn's and Tugman's studies have made use of recent available 

 developments in the field of infra-human vision. These papers 

 will receive further consideration in subsequent chapters where 

 the results will be compared with my own results from the 

 chick. 



Bibliography of Publications to 1916 



1. Aristotle: De Anima. 



2. Bingham, H. C. Size and form perception in Gallus domesticus. Journal 



1913 Animal Behavior , vol. 3, pp. 65-113. 



3. . A definition of form. Ibid., vol. 4, pp. 136-141. 



1914. 



4. Breed, F. S. The development of certain instincts and habits in chicks. 



1911. Behavior Monographs, vol. 1, no. 1, Pp. Ill + 78. 



5. . Reactions of chicks to optical stimuli. Journal Animal Behavior, 



1912. vol. 2, pp. 280-295. 



6. Coburn, C. A. The behavior of the crow, Corvus americanus, Aud. Journal 



1914. Animal Behavior, vol. 4, pp. 185-201. 



7. Cole, L. W. The relation of strength of stimulus to rate of learning in the 



1911. chick. Journal Animal Behavior, vol. 1, pp. 111-124. 



8. Eimer, G. H. T. Organic evolution. Tr. London. 



1890. 

 8a. Fletcher, J. M., Cowan, E. A., and Arlett, A. H. Experiments on the 

 1916. behavior of chicks hatched from alcoholized eggs. Journal Animal 

 Behavior, vol. 6, pp. 103-137. 



9. Hess, C. Ueber Dunkeladaptation und Sehpurpur bei Hiihnern und Tauben. 



1907. Arch. f. Augenheilk., Bd. 57, S. 298-316. 



* This manuscript was prepared in 1916. 



