38 HAROLD C. BINGHAM 



6. V = Approach on wires before right stimulus followed by wrong turn. 



7. A = Approach on wires before wrong stimulus followed by retreat. 



a. A^ = One shock 



b. A" = Multiple shock. 



c. a" = No shock. 



8. 9 = Turn around, clockwise; o, counter-clockwise. 



9. <\} = Partial turn around, right to left; c/3, left to right. 



10. \\ = Position directly before division between each compartment; by turn- 



ing head either stimulus area is visible. 



11. ,/ = Escape to nest box. 



12. E = Error in choosing; this is followed by time in seconds. ' 



13. = Correct choice; this is followed by time in seconds. 



For specific behavior in the electric compartments and remote 

 corners of the experiment box, which it was desirable to record 

 in gathering the data presented in Chapter VIII, the following 

 additional symbols were used: 



n. r, U = Right corner, left corner, or stimulus faced and apparently 



inspected. 

 H- n. U = Right corner, left corner, or stimulus approached and inspected. 

 ~], [~, [J = Right corner, left corner, or stimulus more closely approached 

 and inspected. 



n, n. U = Right corner, left corner, or stimulus appropriately approached 

 and inspected. 



The preliminary series were begun during the second week, 

 usually when the chicks were 10 days old. The experiments 

 on space perception were conducted during the morning between 

 the hours of eight and twelve. The experiment on flicker per- 

 ception was conducted with less regularity during the morning 

 and afternoon. On the whole, the early morning is the best 

 time for experimental work with chicks. They are then most 

 active for that is the time they naturally start out for food. 



In the matter of rewarding with food, however, caution is 

 necessary. A three-weeks-old chick will "fill up" in a short 

 time if food is abundant. It then becomes sluggish. The plan 

 was adopted 6i scattering only a few grains in the litter of the 

 nest boxes so that the chick was kept active in working for its 

 meal. This plan, when perfected, made it possible to increase 

 the number of tests considerably above the maximum when the 

 food was scattered less sparingly. 



Up to this point considerable emphasis has been laid upon 

 method and technique. Certainly an accurate solution of an 



