74 HAROLD C. BINGHAM 



a 4 c.p. lamp was placed at the rear of the reaction chamber. 

 This combination of illuminations made the experiment box quite 

 light. The novelty interfered considerably as is indicated by the 

 rise in the chick's time for choosing. Out of the entire series, 

 however, the chick made eight correct choices. 



Although the ultimate choices were not seriously affected by 

 this introduction of novel conditions, the behavior of the chick 

 was considerably modified. In the now relatively light reaction 

 chamber there was considerable pecking and searching for food. 

 Two or three attempts to jump out of the box were made. The 

 error in test 3 apparently resulted from this pecking and meander- 

 ing which continued longer than in the two preceding tests. 

 Finally, the chick seemed completely to lose its orientation, for 

 it searched the rear portion of the reaction chamber as much as the 

 forward portion and entered the starting chamber once. The 

 entrance into the wrong compartment was very similar to the 

 entrance into the starting chamber. It did not appear as a 

 definite choice and the chick was not shocked. In the beginning 

 of the test, two careful approaches were made to the + compart- 

 ment and the — compartment was apparently ignored. Then 

 followed this random wandering, jumping, and pecking during 

 which the chick seemed to loose its orientation. 



The choices and behavior of chick 27 indicate that it was able 

 to discriminate in this series of January 8th. The error in the 

 last test of the series was apparently due to carelessness. The 

 ten tests were made within forty-five minutes and only two hours 

 earlier a series had been completed. The chick was "full" and 

 probably had no vivid memory of punishment on account of its 

 high percentage of correctness in past records. Carelesssness 

 would be wholly natural at this stage of the work. 



Even though it be conceded that the discrimination was satis- 

 factory, there is another point in the behavior which I regard as 

 having greater significance. In the detailed records (unpublished) 

 of behavior in this series, it appears that chick 27 made an un- 

 usually large number of approaches to the edge of the electric 

 compartments before venturing in. In addition to this, it "peeked 

 over" towards the exit frequently tossing the head up as though 

 looking at the top of, or over, the door. This suggested that the 

 chick was relying upon the flux of light, for under the cross bar 

 over the forward end of the experiment box, the additional illumi- 



