STUDY OF BRAINS OF SIX EMINENT SCIENTISTS AND SCHOLARS. 181 



were numerous and finely fashioned. The following abnormalities were revealed : Dis- 

 tended bloodvessels, especially at the base of the brain ; ossification at the base of the 

 brain and abnormal development of normal projections, as a new formation of irregular 

 masses of V)one, which partially pierced the external covering (dura) of the brain 

 with their sharp points ; concretion and degeneration of the two inner coverings (pia- 

 arachnoid) of the brain and unnatural growth of the innermost covering (pia) and the 

 posterior portion of the cerebrum ; a considerable atrophy of the whole brain, which 

 weighed 7 ounces (Prussian troy weight) less than is usual in a man of Schumann's 

 age." If we assume 1380 grams to be the average weight for one of Schumann's age, 

 an interpretation of the above statement as to the lesser weight of his brain would 

 give about 1100-1110 grams. Schaafhausen found the cranial capacity to the 1510 

 cubic centimeters and cites Richarz as giving the actual weight of the brain " 2 Pfund, 

 28j Loth," or 1475 grams, v. Wasilewski : "Life of Robert Schumann" Transl. 

 by A. L. Alger, Boston, 1871, p. 258. Schaafhausen : Archiv f. Anthrop., XVI, Corre- 

 spondenzb!., p. 149. 



17. DiRicHLET, Peter Gustave Lejeune (1805-1859), French mathematician 

 (Gottingen collection). This brain approaches that of Gauss in superiority of develop- 

 ment. The frontal lobes are remarkably massive and intricately convoluted. The 

 superfrontal gyre is large and intricately' fissured. The fresh brain-weight was 1520 

 grams. The left hemicerebrum weighed 478 grams, the right 479 grams (after hard- 

 ening). Wagner only gives a dorsal view of the brain. It would be interesting to 

 compare the development of the sub-parietal regions with those in the brains of other 

 mathematicians such as Gylden, Kovalevsky, Gauss, Oliver and Siljestrom. R. Wag- 

 ner : " Vorstudien, etc.," I and II. 



18. Hausmann, Joh. Friedr. Ludav. (1782-1859), German naturalist (mineral- 

 ogist) (Gottingen collection). Hausmann's brain is described by Wagner as the small- 

 est and most simpl}' convoluted in his series. There is a nearer approach to symmetry 

 in the arrangement of the surface-markings and Wagner goes so far as to regard this 

 as an expression of arrest in development. Hausmann was a tall man ; stature 180 

 ctm. The brain weighed 1226 grams ; after hardening, the left hemicerebrum 

 weighed 360 grams ; the right 356 grams. R. Wagner : " Nachrichten," Gottingen, 

 February 26, 1860. R. AVagner : " Vorstudien, etc.," I and II. 



19. Walther, German surgeon. There is an allusion to this brain in Wagner's 

 memoir, but no particulars are given. Wagner : " Vorstudien, etc.," I, p. 5. 



20. Campbell, Lord John (1779-1861) English Lord Chancellor. Acton, in his 

 report on the post-mortem examination states that the brain, which was examined 

 thirty hours after death, was found to be healthy and weighed 53 J ounces (1517 

 grams). Acton : Lancet (London), August, 1861, II, p. 193. 



