192 STUDY OF BRAINS OF SIX EMINENT SCIENTISTS AND SCHOLARS. 



("Broca's cap "') is small. The right paracentral gyre is small on the right side. The 

 precentral gyre is relatively small. The ventral part of the left post-central gyre is 

 complex. Chudzinski and Manouvrier consider the callosum small though this does 

 not seem justified by the figures accompanying the report. The frontal lobes show 

 large development while the temporal lobe and the cerebellum are relatively small. 

 The right supertemporal gyre is comparatively smaller than on the left side. 



Bertillon was congenitally left-handed and doubtlessly his emissary (motor) 

 speech center lay in the subfrontal gyre of the right hemicerebrum. In fact, this 

 region is correspondingly better developed on the right side. At about the age of ten 

 years, Bertillon became deaf in the left ear. Corresponding to this defect the right 

 supertemporal gyre is narrow, straight and simple, while the left supertemporal gyre 

 is broad, long and sinuous and of much more complex configuration. His partial 

 deafness undoubtedly forced him to depend more upon his visual sense. Whethei' the 

 better development of the angular gyre on the left side may be correlated with this 

 fact is still a matter of speculation. Chudzinski and Manouvrier: "Etude sur le 

 Cerveau de Bertillon." Bull, cle la soc. d'anthrop. de Paris, 1887, pp. 558-591. Manou- 

 vrier : Les premieres circonvolutions temporales droite et gauche chez un sourd de 

 I'oreille gauche (Bertillon). BuU. de la soc. d'aniliroj;)., 1888. 



67. Knight, E. H. (1824-1883), American mechanician, author of the "Mechan- 

 ical Dictionary." He was employed in the U. S. Patent Office and was one of the 

 American Commissioners to the French Exposition of 1880. He is said to have 

 possessed a phenomenal memory. "His brain is reported as having weighed sixty- 

 four ounces, but we are ignorant of the appearances presented by the convolutions." 

 Boston Med. and Surg. Jour. (Editorial), February 15, 1883, p. 184. 



08. TuRGENEV, Ivan Sergejewitch (1818-1883), Russian novelist and poet, died 

 in Paris of cancer (myxosarcoma). The autopsy was conducted by Dr. Brouardel in 

 the presence of Drs. Descoust, Segond and Magnin. The examination of the head is 

 reported as follows: (Transl.) "The bones of the skull are thin. The membranes are 

 healthy (normal) and are easily removed from the cortex. The arteries at the base of 

 the brain are dilated and notably atheromatous. The brain is very large and weighs 

 2012 grams. Neither a tumor, tubercles, or serous or sanguineous exudation was 

 revealed on section. There is no lesion of any kind in the fourth ventricle." Topinard 

 states that the brain was notable for the symmetry of its convolutions. "Proces verbal 

 de I'Autopsie de Monsieur Yvan Tourgueneflf, faite le 5. Septembre, 1883, par Mon- 

 sieur le Docteur Brouardel, Professeur de Medecine legale a la Faculte de INIedecine 

 de Paris, en presence du Docteur Descoust, Chef de Travaux de INIedecine legale Pra- 

 tique a la Faculte de Medecine de Paris, du Docteur Paul Segond, Professeur agrege 



