198 STUDY OF BRAINS OF SIX EMINENT SCIENTISTS AND SCHOLARS. 



99. KoNSTANTiNOFF, A., Bulgarian litterateur. Though only 25 years old when 

 he died, had already achieved considerable fame as a writer. jMatiegka and WatjofF 

 cite the brain-weight as having been 1,595 grams. Matiegka : " Ueber das Hirnge- 

 wicht des Menschen," 1902, p. 36. Watjotf : Arch. f. Anthmp., XXVI, p. 1,080. 



100. Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Friedrich (1821-1894), German anatomist, 

 physiologist and physicist. Died of cerebral hemorrhage. The autopsy was per- 

 formed by Hansemann in the presence of Drs. Renvers, KirchhofF and Bein. Helm- 

 holtz's stature was 169.5 ctm. Head circumference, 59 ctm. Cranial circumference, 

 55 ctm. Cranial length, 18.3 ctm.; cranial width, 15.5 ctm. (Cranial index, 85.25.) 

 The skull was symmetrical. The weight of the brain together with the included clots 

 of blood was at first 1,700 grams. It was possible to remove about 160 grams of 

 clotted blood, but much more yet remained in the cerebral tissues. The right hemi- 

 sphere was badly torn by the extensive hemorrhage and it was decided to attempt to 

 make a plaster cast of the left, undamaged hemicerebrum. Hansemann furnishes 

 photographs of this cast, showing the lateral and mesal surfaces. D. Hansemann : 

 " Ueber das Gehirn von Hermann v. Helmholtz. Ztsdir. f. Psychol, u. Physiol, d. 

 Sinnesorgane, XX, 1899, 1, pp. 13-26, 2 plates. 



101. Pettenkofkr, Max v. (1818-1900), German pathologist (Munich collection). 

 Bollinger, of Munich, writes : "The brain of Pettenkofer weighed 1320 grams, and in 

 spite of his old age, the cerebrum showed only a moderate beginning atrophy." 

 Daftner states that the cerebrum was richly fissured. Pettenkofer's head had a hori- 

 zontal circumference of 57.5 cm. It was brachycephalic. Daffner quotes the brain- 

 weight as 1312 grams. DafFner : " Das Wachsthum des Menschen," 1902. 



102. Altmann, Richard (1852-1900), German anatomist. An assistant of Pro- 

 fessor W. His, in Leipzig and is best known as the discoverer of the "Granula-Theorie." 

 He died in the asjdum at Hubertusburg and the author is indebted to the director, 

 Dr. P. Nacke, for several photographs of the hai'dened brain. The brain-weight was 

 1460. Altmann's stature was 178 cm. 



103. Cory, Robert (1845-1900), English physician. A celebrated authority 

 upon small-pox and vaccination. The autopsy was performed 16i hours after death. 

 The bi'aiu weighed 45 ounces (1276 grams). St. Thomas Hospital Reports, XXIX, 

 1902. Lancet (London), March 31, 1900. 



104. Steinitz (1836-1900), chess player. Famous champion chess player, died 

 in the Manhattan State Hospital (East) in 1900 after sufiering from acute melancholia 

 for about nine months. The immediate cause of death was mitral stenosis. The fol- 

 lowing is quoted from the autopsy report by Dr. L. C. Pettit : " With a dwarfed 

 appearance (height four feet eleven inches) due to arrested development of the lower 



