206 STUDY OF BRAINS OF SIX EMINENT SCIENTISTS AND SCHOLARS. 



The autopsy was performed by Dr. D. S. Lamb and the brain was sent to Prof. Wilder, 

 at Cornell University, immersed in a formalin mixture. Dr. Wilder weighed the brain 

 on March 30, 1897, and found it to weigh 1266 grams. Dr. Winslow was a well- 

 known physician and sociologist. 



136. BiTTNER, Marie (1854-1898), Austrian actress. Death was caused by 

 eclampsia (nephritis gravidarum). The autopsy was performed by Prof Hlava. The 

 head-length was 17.5 cm., head-width, 15.5 cm. The brain weighed 1250 grams 

 (about 50 grams above the average). 



137. Leblais (Madame), French educator (Paris collection). A celebrated edu- 

 cator and orator. Brain- weight, 1260 grams. (Communication from G. Herve.) 



Doubtful Reports of Brains of Eminent Men. 



From various sources I have culled the following references to brains of notable 

 men which either lack authority or else seem mythical and exaggerated. I have 

 deemed it best to place them in a separate category pending verification. Vague ref- 

 erences have been made to the brains of Voltaire and Rousseau, but I cannot find 

 anything definite about them. 



Cromwell, Oliver. The weight of Cromwell's brain is variously given as 2330 

 and 2233 grams. The earliest reference to any autopsy report that Schuchardt could 

 find was in Anabaptisticum et enthusiasticum, Pantheon und Geistliches Rust-Haus wider 

 die Alien Quaker und neuen Frey-Geister, etc. Im Jahre Christi 1702 fuL, p. 12. The 

 following is a translated extract : " Hereupon the body of Cromwell was opened ; the 

 intestines were healthy, but the liver was affected and the brain weighed 6i pounds." 

 It must be recalled that the above was published forty-four years after Cromwell's 

 death. The bod}^ of Cromwell has been disposed of in so many ways by as many 

 writers on the subject that one cannot attach any value to any of the accounts. Crom- 

 well must have had at least three heads, as one skull is preserved in the Ashmolean 

 Museum at Oxford, there is another in the possession of a private individual at Beck- 

 enham, while still a third was for a while placed on public exhibition in London. 

 An interesting collection of these stories, together with a photograph of the death- 

 mask, may be found in Laurence Hutton's "A Collection of Death-masks " (Harper's). 

 Schuchardt : Letter to R. Wagner in " Vorstudien, etc.," I, 1860, p. 93. 



Lord Byron, George Noel Gordon (1788-1824). An inordinately large figure 

 is usually given for the weight of Lord Byron's brain, viz : 2238 grams. As is well 

 known, Lord Byron died in Missolonghi, in April, 1824. The body was brought to 

 Zante and later to England. Schuchardt, writing to Wagner concerning his efforts to 

 ascertain the facts, says that he was unable to find out when and where the autopsy 



