222 STUDY OF BRAINS OF SIX EMINENT SCIENTISTS AND SCHOLARS. 



in which ir = brain-weight, >S' = weight of the body and c = the factor of cephahza- 

 tion indicating the degree of inteUigence. Thus the factor of cephahzation is in 



Man 2.8186 



Monkey 0.7607 to 0.4636 



Donkey 0.4390 



Horse 0.4380 



Cat 0.3284 



Dog 0.3586 



Among the birds we find the paiTot at the head of the hst ; then come crows, 

 magpies and jays, while the stupid barn-door fowl stands lowest. 



Within the range of our own species sufficient material has been collected to per- 

 mit of general conclusions. Microcephalic idiots have brains far under the size neces- 

 sary for mental integrity ; these unfortunates may live, eat and sleep, but their small 



Fig. 5. Dorsal view of a Papnan brain. (Id the 

 anatomical laboratory of Columbia University.) 



Fig. 6. Dorsal view of the brain of Gauss. (In the 

 Gottingen collection. 



brains are incompatible Avith even passable intelligence. In most cases they cannot 

 command even the rudiments of a language and communication with others is limited 

 to simple signs and gestures. That a certain class of idiots should possess brains of 

 normal size, or even unusually large brains has been quite disconcerting to casual 

 students of the subject. The heaviest brain on record weighed over 100 ounces, or 



