254 SEE— TEMPERATURE, SECULAR COOLING [April 20, 



" this writer tells us we must not be surprised, that although the cold spring 

 still remains, the hot cannot be discovered; and says we must reckon the 

 failing of the hot spring as the cause. He goes on to relate certain catas- 

 trophes recorded by Democles, how formerly in the reign of Tantalus there 

 were great earthquakes in Lydia and Ionia as far as the Troad, which swal- 

 lowed up whole villages and overturned Mount Sipylus ; marshes then became 

 lakes, and the city of Troy was covered by the waters. Pharos, near Egypt, 

 which anciently was an island, may now be called a peninsula, and the same 

 may be said of Tyre and Clazomenae." 



In Chap. III., section 18: 



" Of Bura and Helice, one has been swallowed by an earthquake, the 

 other covered by the waves. Near to Methone, which is on the Hermionic 

 Gulf, a mountain seven stadia in height was cast up during a fiery eruption ; 

 during the day it could not be approached on account of the heat and sul- 

 phureous smell; at night it emitted an agreeable odour, appeared brilliant 

 at a distance, and was so hot that the sea boiled around it to a distance of 

 five stadia, and appeared in a state of agitation for twenty stadia, the heap 

 being formed of fragments of rock as large as towers." 



In Chap. III., sections 19-21, we find this account: 



" Duris informs us that the Rhagse in Media gained that appellation from 

 chasms made in the ground near the Gates of the Caspian by earthquakes, 

 in which many cities and villages were destroyed, and the rivers underweot 

 various changes. Ion, in his satirical composition of Omphale, has said of 

 Euboea, 



" ' The light wave of the Euripus has divided the land of Euboea from 

 Bceotia,' separating the projecting land by a strait.' 



" 20. Demetrius of Callatis, speaking of the earthquakes which formerly 

 occurred throughout the whole of Greece, states that a great portion of the 

 Lichadian Islands and of Kenjeum were submerged; that the hot springs of 

 ^depsus and Thermopylae were suppressed for three days, and that when 

 they commenced to run again those of ^^depsus gushed from new fountains. 

 That at Oreus on the sea coast the wall and nearly seven hundred houses 

 fell at once. That the greater part of Echinus, Phalara, and Heraclsea of 

 Trachis were thrown down, Phalara being overturned from its very foun- 

 dations. That almost the same misfortune occurred to the Lamians and 

 inhabitants of Larissa ; that Scarpheia was overthrown from its foundations, 

 not less than one thousand seven hundred persons being swallowed up, and 

 at Thronium more than half that number. That a torrent of water gushed 

 forth taking three directions, one to Scarphe and Thronium, another to 

 Thermopylae, and a third to the plains of Daphnus in Phocis. That the 

 springs of (many) rivers were for several days dried up; that the course of 

 the Sperchius was changed, thus rendering navigable what formerly was 

 highways; that the Boagrius flowed through another channel; that many 

 parts of Alope, Cynus and Opus were injured, and the castle of CEum, which 

 commands the latter city, entirely overturned. That part of the wall of 

 Elateia was thrown down; and that at Alponus, during the celebration of the 



