264 SEE— TEMPERATURE, SECULAR COOLING [April 20, 



miscus and Perne to Miletus, Narthecusa to the promontory of Parthenium. 

 Hybanda, which was formerly an island of Ionia, is now 200 stadia distant 

 from the sea. Syries is now become a part of Ephesus, and, in the same 

 neighborhood, Derasidas and Sophonia form part of Magnesia; while Epi- 

 daurus and Oricum are no longer islands. 



"Chap. 92 (90) — Lands which have been Totally Changed into Seas. 

 " The sea has totally carried off certain lands, and first of all, if we are 

 to believe Plato, for an immense space where the Atlantic ocean is now ex- 

 tended. More lately we see what has been produced by our inland sea; 

 Acarnania has been overwhelmed by the Ambracian gulf, Achaia by the 

 Corinthian, Europe and Asia by the Propontis and Pontus. And besides 

 these, the sea has rent asunder Leucas, Antirrhium, the Hellespont, and the 

 two Bosphori. 



"Chap. 93 (91) — Lands which have been Swallowed up. 

 " And not to s^eak of bays and gulfs, the earth feeds on itself ; it has 

 devoured the very high mountain of Cybotus, with the town of Curites ; 'also 

 Sipylus in Magnesia, and formerly, in the same place, a very celebrated city, 

 which was called Tantalis; also the land belonging to the cities Galanis and 

 Gamales in Phoenicia, together with the cities themselves ; also Phegium, the 

 most lofty ridge in ^Ethiopia. Nor are the shores of the sea more to be 

 depended upon. 



" Chap. 94 (92) — Cities which have been Absorbed by the Sea. 



" The sea near the Palus Mseotis has carried away Pyrrha and Antissa, 

 also Elice and Bura in the gulf of Corinth, traces of which places are visible 

 in the ocean. From the island Cea it has seized on 30,000 paces, which were 

 suddenly torn off, with many persons on them. In Sicily also the half of 

 the city of Tyndaris, and all the part of Italy which is wanting; in like 

 manner it carried off Eleusina in Bceotia. 



Again : 



"Chap, no (106) — Places which are Always Burning. 

 " Among the wonders of mountains there is ^tna, which always burns 

 in the night, and for so long a period has always had materials for combus- 

 tion, being in the winter buried in snow, and having the ashes which it has 

 ejected covered with frost. Nor is it in this mountain alone that nature 

 rages, threatening to consume the earth; in Phaselis, the mountain Chimaera 

 burns, and indeed with a continual flame, day and night. Ctesias of Cnidos 

 informs us, that this fire is kindled by water, while it is extinguished by 

 earth and by hay. In the same country of Lycia, the mountains of Hephaes- 

 tius, when touched with a flaming torch, burn so violently, that even the 

 stones in the river and the sand burn, while actually in the water; this fire 

 is also increased by rain. If a person makes furrows in the ground with a 

 stick which has been kindled at this fire, it is said that a stream of flame 

 will follow it. The summit of Cophantus, in Bactria, burns during the night 

 and this is the case in Media and at Sittacene, on the borders of Persia; 



