334 MATHEWS— THE ARRAN^DA LANGUAGE. [Octobers 



Negative, turirityikananga. 



Past Tense. 

 They, pi, were beating each other, Etnikara tiiriramala. 



Negative, turiramalikana. 



Future Tense. 

 They, pi, should beat each other, Etnikara ttirirityinanga. 



The negative is expressed by gtinia or itya. 



There are modifications of the verbal suffixes of the past tense 

 to indicate the immediate past, the recent past, and the remote past. 

 Similar modifications exist for the proximate, or more or less distant 

 future. There are likewise forms of the verb to express repetition 

 or continuance of the act described, and many other complexities, 

 which must be only briefly referred to in the present article. In 

 these respects the Arranda resembles the Kamilaroi, Wiradyuri, 

 Thurrawal and other Australian tongues, the grammars of which 

 have been published by me.^ 



Tutyigunala, to beat by and by. 



Tutyilbitnima, to come to beat. 



Tutyalbuma, returned to beat. 



Tutyikamanityikana, to beat not again. 



Tualbuntama, to beat running away. 



Tuatalalbuma, to beat on the way home. 



Tulinya tulindama, to beat always. 



Tulatulauma, to beat seldom. 



Tuatna lama, to beat on arrival at another place. 



Adverbs. 



Derived adverbs, corresponding with English adverbs ending in 

 ly, are formed by adding the particle la to adjectives, as. Era ekaltala 

 erguma, he firmly holds. 



Adverbs of time : Now, lata. Soon, lilika. Yesterday, tmurka. 

 Day before yesterday, tmurkarbuna. To-morrow, ingunta. Long 

 ago, imanka. By and by, anma. What time? ilangara? Always, 

 kuta. 



Of place : Here, nana. There, arina. Near, itinya. Far, longa. 



Where? ntala? Whither? ntauma? Whence? ntananga. Thither, 



nauna or arinuna. 



Wourn. Anthrop. Inst., London, XXXIII, 259-283. Ibid., XXXIV, 284- 

 305. Journ. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales, XXXV, 127-160. 



