374 SEE— THE NEW THEORY OF EARTHQUAKES [November 15, 



about the sea, as serrated walls around the land, it follows incon- 

 testibly that all the mountains of the globe depend on the same cause, 

 which is nothing else than the secular leakage of the ocean bottoms. 



Reasoning similar to that here employed could be extended to 

 the deep trenches near the Kurile and Japanese Islands; and by the 

 study of the map of the ocean depths throughout the w^orld one 

 could tell very closely what the state of seismic activity is in any 

 given region. No such digging out of troughs and elevation of 

 adjacent ranges is found to be going on within any continent, and 

 hence it follows that all mountain ranges have been formed by the 

 sea and not at all by the shrinkage of the globe, which obviously 

 is cooling as much in the desert regions as along the sea coasts. 



§3. Application of this Theory to Particular Regions of the 

 Ocean Bottom. — In view of what has been said above regarding the 

 uplifting of ranges in the sea, is it any wonder that volcanoes should ' 

 break out in the Aleutian Islands? Or, as Major Button remarks, 

 that the Russians should connect the earthquakes with the volcanoes 

 of this region? The connection is now established beyond all con- 

 troversy, and it is shown that the earthquakes are the cause both 

 of the volcanoes and of the mountain formation now going on in 

 the Aleutian Islands. 



In Japan the very same cause is at work, and the whole island 

 Empire has been uplifted from the depths of the sea by the injection 

 of lava expelled from beneath the bed of the Tuscarora Deep, which 

 has thus sunk down and developed into the greatest abyss in the 

 world. The true cause of the earthquakes and sea waves by which 

 Japan is afflicted lies in the depth of the ocean to the east of these 

 islands and the resulting leakage and expulsion of lava from beneath 

 it. As the ocean is deepening all the time, this region will always be 

 greatly afflicted by seismic disturbances, and the Japanese people 

 must adapt themselves to the nature of their unstable country, which 

 is still emerging from the depths of the ocean. 



It is easy to apply this same reasoning to the East Indies, and 

 hence we see why Java, Sumatra, and other neighboring islands 

 are so afflicted by earthquakes, volcanoes, and seismic sea waves. 

 This region probably is in a more advanced stage of development 



