16 



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47o HORT, E, and PENPOLD, Wo J. 



Microorganisms and their relation to fever 



J. Hyg„ 12:361-390, 1912 



Basic arguments are presented for each of the two opposing 

 theories on the origin of bacterial pyrogens. One school of 

 thought, dating from the days of Roussy, would place origin 

 within the tissues and fluids of the host, others consider 

 alien sources (bacterial contamination) responsible for genesis, 

 This discussion considers the possibilities that pyrogens are 

 liberated from bacteria during disintegration within the body 

 or when grown in vitro and that they may be the results of 

 enzymatic breakdown of metabollzable materials, in body tissues 

 or in synthetic media = 



43 „ HORT, Ee and PENFOLD, W, J, 



A critical study of experimental fever 



Proc. Roy« Soc . Med = (London) Series B, 85:174-186, I912 



The tet^ms 'water fever', 'salt fever', 'sugar fever', 'ferment 

 fever ^ and 'tissue fever' have been applied to pyrexial phenomena 

 in the past. Such terms are misleading c A single entity may 

 be responsible for the appearance of all fever » Its appearance 

 in contaminated water would account for the universality of 

 pyrexiae The present procedures for isolating such materials 

 are insufficiently standardized for reliability in results, 



49 o HORT, E. C, and PENPOLD, W. J. 



The relation of salvarsan fever to other forms of injection 

 fever 



Proco Roy, Soc. Med, (Pt. III. Pathology) 5:131-139, 1912 



On the basis of the theory presented by Wechselraan, who found 

 gross contamination of medicinal solutions by bacterial pro- 

 ducts to be responsible for so-called 'salvarsan fever '^ the 

 authors studied the pyrogenetic properties of undegraded 

 bacterial protein as well as the efficacy of filtration for 

 the production of nonpyrogenlc solutions. They noted, on fil- 

 tration, a fever-producing substance passed through ordinary 

 bacterial filters from salvarsan solution and other fluids. 

 "Salvarsan fever is (not) necessarily due to the injection of 

 organisms grown on water or saline", they reported, but were 

 unable to determine whether or not pyrogens were products of 

 bacterial protein decomposition. Safeguards against pyrogenic 

 contamination of distilled water were described. 



