226 



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Intravenous and Intramuscular routes 



J. Am. Pharm. A. (Sci. Ed.) 39:^13-^14, I95O 



Rabbits were given intravenous injections of a pyrogenic solution 

 prepared by the method of Welch in amounts ranging from 0.001 cc. 

 per kg. to 0.1 cc, and the same dosages in more concentrated 

 aliquots of solution were administered intramuscularly. The 

 ratio of the intramuscular to the intravenous response to the . 

 same amount of pyrogen was computed. Six rabbits were used 

 at each dosage level and a rise of 0.6° (U.S. P. XIII assay) 

 was considered significant. All pyrogen dosages gave signifi- 

 cant temperature rises when administered intravenously. At any 

 given dose this route produces higher rise in temperature. Re- 

 sponses to intramuscular doses of pyrogen were graded and lower 

 for any given dosage. "When the temperature response is plotted 

 against the logarithm of the dose a linear relationship is seen 

 to exist within certain limits," 



648. HATTA, S., AOYAMA, K., and TANJI, S. 



Studies on the bacterial pyrogenic substances 



Jap. Med. J. 3:125-135, 1950 



A simplified method for detecting pyrogens in Solution is des- 

 cribed. Pyrogens were extracted from pyrogen-positive strains 

 of bacteria (sarcinae and micrococcus sp.); from three strains 

 of fungi ( penicillium sp., fusarium and macrosporlum ) and from 

 S. typhi and S. paratyphi . Pyrogenic materials were found in 

 both mycelia and metabolic products. When mycelia were crushed, 

 extracted, and filtered and the filtrates condensed and cry- 

 stallized, a yield of 80 to 100 mg. was secured from 50 Gm. of 

 cultured mycelia. The crystals were colorless and had melting 

 points of 163°, Tests for protein and for sugar (Fehling and 

 Molisch) were negative. There was a C content of 37.7^, of H, 

 8.12^. Pyrogens fluoresced blue and were dialyzable through 

 semi-permeable membranes. When injected into rabbits I5 mg. per 

 body weight, they produced temperature increases ranging from I.5 

 to 2,0°C., but 30 mg. injected intravenously in the mouse did not 

 prove lethal. 



The bacterium. Micrococcus s^. GIO produced two types of sub- 

 stances one absorptive and one nonabsorptive on chromatographic 

 partition. Both fluoresced blue and were dialyzable. Pyrexia 

 in rabbits was produced by I5 mg. per kg. of the absorptive 

 portion and and by 10 mg. per kg. of the nonabsorptive. Thirty 

 mg. was not a lethal dose for mice. 



Phenol extraction of S. typhi and _S_. paratyphi cultures, water 

 precipitation, followed by dialysis and precipitation of super- 

 natant fluid, produced yields of 70 to 100 mg. of pyrogenic 



