- 1 9 5 1 - 



Since the somatic carbohydrates of S, typhosa appear to prevent 

 diapedesls of leukocytes from blood vessels. Inhibiting cell mi- 

 gration, the effects of bacteria (S. typhosa and P. aeruginosa ) , 

 of their carbohydrates (purified) and of heparin upon the oriented 

 migration of leukocytes were studied. The slide cell was em- 

 ployed . 



718. MCDONALD, R. K., SOLOMON, D. H. and SHOCK, N. W. 



Aging as a factor in the renal hemodynamic changes induced by 

 a standardized pyrogen 



J. Clin. Invest. 30:^57-^62, 1951 



Changes in the function and anatomical structure appear in the 

 kidney of the aging individual. Alterations in renal function 

 are shown in decreased urea clearance and rate of filtration, the 

 reduction of the effective plasma flow and tubular transfer. 

 Some intimal thickening is seen in renal arteries and arterioles 

 even in the nonhypertensive individual. 



The standard pyrogen test was applied to 5^ male subjects divided 

 into three groups: young, middle-aged and old. Decreases in 

 renal function were not significant until after the age of 50. 

 When 0,05 cc. TAB vaccine was administered and analyses made of 

 albumin, globulin, inulin, PAH, blood urea N, total serum protein, 

 hematocrit and blood pressure, it was noted that the baseline C 

 declined with advancing age, but no changes were attributable to 

 the pyrogen test itself. Effective plasma flow mean baseline 

 declined with age and, for all ages, pyrogen injections increased 

 flow. Systolic pressure fell in middle-aged and aged subjects; 

 diastolic pressure reductions were approximately the same for 

 all age groups. Renal afferent resistance was highest in older 

 groups, and the fall was more abrupt. Minimal efferent resistance 

 was highest in older subjects. While the filtration factor de- 

 clined at the peak of the pyrogen reaction in all groups without 

 distinction, the largest absolute decline occurred in aged sub- 

 jects. The responsiveness of the renal vascular system to pyro- 

 gen at older ages would indicate persistence of arteriolar di- 

 latation under such conditions and a certain reversibility of the 

 usual functional alterations. 



The purified carbohydrates (PYROMEN-in a concentration of 0,25- 

 5,0 gammas per ml.) and the organisms themselves produced similar 

 inhibitions of human cell migration. The profound effects they 

 exert may be basic to the phenomena of leukopenia and fever, "In 

 addition to the shock these agents produce it would appear that 

 they have a direct effect upon the leukocytes," 



