2. 



Order SPIRUMDA Chitwood, 1933 

 (Key to the suborders from Chitwood, 1900) 



1. Esophageal glands uninucleate (ex, Philonema) ; larvae without 

 cephalic 1 ok, phasinids of larvae large, pocket-like. (Inter- 

 mediate hosts copepods.). CMALLANINA Chitwood, 1933 P.? 



2. Esophageal glands multinucleate j larvae commonly with cephalic 

 hook, phasraids pore-like. (Intermediate hosts various, rarely 

 copepods.) SPIRURINA Railliet and Henry, 1915 P. 2 



Suborder CAMALLANINA Chitwood, 1933 

 (Key to superfamilies from Chitwood, 19^0) 



1. Internal circle of cephalic papillae minute, external circle 

 partially fusedj stoma usually well developed; oviparous or vivip- 

 arous; larvae with pocket-like phasmids. (Intestinal parasites of 

 fish, amphibia, and reptiles.) CAMALLANOIDEA Travassos, 1920 



2. Internal cirlce of cephalic papillae well developed, external circle 

 of 8 well developed papillae; stoma rudimentary; vulva in mid-region; 

 viviparous. (Intermediate host copepods.) 

 DRACUNCULOIDEA Cameron, 19. 



Suborder SPIRURINA Railliet and Henry, 1915 

 (Key to the superfamilies Chitwood, 1950) 



1, Stoma distinctly developed and/or 2 lateral psuedolabia; vulva near 

 middle or posterior of body . . . SPIRUROIDEA Railliet and Henry, 1915 



2, Stoma usually rudimentary or reduced; psuedolabia and jaws absent; 

 vulva near anterior end of bodv. (Tissue parasites of vertebrates ex- 

 cept fish.) FILA.itlODEA (Weinland, 1858) Stiles, 190? 



