4. Pelagios, F. Cuv. Pelagius, Fischer. Monachus, 

 Nilssoii. 



Skull broatl, depressed behind ; muzzle short, broad, 

 orbits large ; grinders small, conical, " thick, with a small 

 anterior and posterior lobe ;" lower jaw broad, with a dis- 

 tinct ]5osterior angle ; " upper cutting teeth transversely 

 notched." 



1. Pelagios monachus, F. Cuv. Ciiv. Oss. Foss. v. t. 17, 

 /. 1 — 8. Blainv. Ostcog. t. 5, 7, 8, !). P. a ventre blanc, 

 Buffon, Snpp. vi. t. 44. Phoca monachus, Herin. Berl. 

 Ahh. iv. t. 12, 13. P. Hermanni, Leswii. Monachus Me- 

 diterraneus, \ils.wri, Vet. Acad. Hand. 1837, 235. 



Inhab. Mediterranean. Mus. Paris, bad state. Skele- 

 tons and skulls. 



5. Ommatophoca. 



Skull broad, depressed behind ; muzzle very short, 

 broad, orbits very large ; grinders small, compressed, with 

 a central incurved lobe, and a small lobe on each side of 

 it ; fore-feet very slightly clawed. 



1. Ommatophoca Rossii. 

 Inhab. Southern Ocean. 



Sub-family 2. Phocina. — Cuttiiiij teeth | ; the \st front 

 grinder in each jaw single-rooted, rest '2-rooted ; mitf- 

 Jle laid and callous between and above the nostrils, 

 and divided by a central groove ; wrist rather eccsert- 

 ed ; fingers subequal ; claws 5-5, large. 



6. Callocephalus, F. Cur. 



Muzzle rather narrow ; whiskers waved ; toes gradually 

 shorter. 



* Palate angularhj notched behind; hair subcijlindrical, 

 under fur thin ; web between the hind toes hairy. 



1. Callocephalus vitulinus. 



Phoca vitulina, Linn.} Nilssnn. Blainv. Osteog. Phoca, 

 t. 2, t. 5, and t. 9. Bnffon, H. N. xiii. t. 43. Supp. vi. 

 t. 46. P. littorea, Thienem. t. (J, 7. P. canina, Pallas, 

 Z. R. A. 114. P. communis, Linn. 



Inhab. Europe and North America. 



2. Callocephalus annellalus. 



Phoca annelata, A'//v. Scand. F. i. 3G2. t. 38. Tliienem. 

 t. 9, 10, 11. Phoque commun, F. Cuv. M. lithog. t. Ha- 

 milton, t. 4. Call, discolor, F. Cuv. Mem. Mus. xi. 186. 

 P. Frederici, Lesson. P. foetida, Mailer, Z. Dan. P. eques- 

 tiis, Pallas, Z. R. A. iii. 40. P. Schreberi, Lesson ? 



Inhab. Europe. 



3. Callocephalus Caspicus. 



Phoca Caspica, Nilsson. P. canina, var. Casjjica, Pal- 

 las, Z. R. A. 



Inhab. Caspian seas. 



** Palate truncated behind ; muzzle rather produced ; 

 hair dry, fiat, close -pressed, tcithout any under fur ; 

 web between the hind toes baldish. Pagophilus. 



4. Callocephalus Grocnlandicus. 



Phoca gi-oenlandica, MM/Zer, Z'. /^. Thienem. t. 15 — 19. 

 P. oceanica, Le/jcf//, xJt<. Petrop. 177. Hamilton, t. 7. P. 

 semilunaris, Bodd. P. dorsata, Pallas. P. Mullcri, Les- 

 son. Harp Seal, Penn. Quad. Bell. Brit. Quad. Ham. 

 t. 7. Phoca laguvos, Cwy. Oss. i^os*. V. 206. Blainv. Osteog. 



Phoca, t. 9? Home, Phil. Trans. 1822, /. 28. P. albicauda, 

 Desm. P. Desmarestii, Zes.so«. I*. Filayi, Lesson. 



Inhab. Northern Ocean. 



The teeth figured as Phoca Lagurus of De Blainville's 

 ' Osteog. Phoca,' t. 9, appear to be some other, perhaps a 

 new species. 



7. Phoca. 



Muzzle broad, short; forehead convex; whiskers smooth, 

 sinqjle ; ear-hole large : fingers unequal, the 3rd longest, 

 2nd and 4th long, the 1st and 5th shorter, nearly equal : 

 palate rather angularly notched behind. 



1. Phoca barbata, Fab. F. Green. 15. Tliienem. t. 1 — 4. 

 F. Cuv. Mem. Mus. xi. 184, /. 12. Blainv. Osteog. Phoca, 

 t. 9. P. leporina, Lepech. Act. Petrop. i. 264, t. 8, 9. Ham. 

 t. 9. P. naulica, Pallas, Z. R. A. 108. P. albigena, Pal- 

 las, Z. R. A. 109. Great Seal, Penn. Ham. N. L. t. 5. 



Inhab. Europe. 



Sect. II. — Grinders with single root fexcept the two 

 hinder grinders oj HalichoerusJ. 



A. Ears, conch none. Toes simple, of fore feet cvserted, 

 of hind feel large ; the inner and outer ones large, long, 

 the three middle ones smaller: palm and .■soles hairy 

 f sometimes chaffy and callous with wear). Muffle 

 hairy to the edge and between the nostrils. 



Sub-family 3. Trichechina. Muzzle large, truncated, sim- 

 ple; canines large; grinders lobed or truncated when 

 old. 



8. Hauchcekus, Nilsson. 



Muzzle broad, rounded ; cutting teeth |, grinders {I, 

 conical, the hinder two upper and one lower double-rooted, 

 rest simple, canines moderate ; whiskers crenulated ; muf- 

 fle ? palm and soles hairy ; claws 5-5, elongate. 



1. Halichcerus grypus, Xilsson. Phoca grypus. Fab. Xat. 

 Selslc. Skri. i. 167, t. 13, /. 4. P. gryphus, Licht. Berl. 

 Acad. 1821, t. 1, f. 1, 2. Blainv. Osteog. Phoca, t. 9. P. 

 hispida, Schreb.'S. 312, t. 86. Hamilton, t. 8. P. Ha- 

 lichcerus, Thienem. P. ochotensis, Pallas. Hal. griseus. 

 Horns. Lsis, 1824, 810. Nils.^on, Scand. F. 377, t. 34, f. 1,2. 

 Ham i lion, t. 10. Grey Seal, Bell, Brit. Quad. 284, f. 

 " Long-bodied Seal, Parsons," Donovan. Home, Phil. Tr. 

 1822, t. 27. 



Inhab. North coast of Europe, (Ireland and Scotland). 



9. Tkichechus, Linn. 



Muzzle very broad, truncate, swollen and convex above ; 

 muffle, palm and soles chaffy, callous, with thehair more 

 or less worn ofl' in the adult (hairy when young ?) : cutting 

 teeth 4 in young, ^ in adult ; grinders ||, truncated, all 

 single-rooted ; canines, upper very large, exserted. 



1. Trichechus Rosmarus, Linn. S. N. Blainv. Osteog. 

 Phoca, t.lSi,t.4. Rosmarus arcticus, Pallas, Z. R. A. i. 269. 

 T. obesus and T. divergens, Illiger. Pale brown, when 

 young black, when old white. 



Inhab. North Soa. Mus. Brit, adult. 



Sub-family 4. Cystophorina. Muzzle of the males with 

 an infiat He' appendage : cutting teeth 4; grinders 

 with a large swollen root, and a small, compressed, 

 simple, plaited crown : muffle hairy. 



