Table 4. (Concluded). 



Reproductive 



system 



Cleavage 



Circulatory 

 Molts Respiratory system Appendages 



Nemata 



Tubular paired 

 gonads, sexes sepa- 

 rate, female ven- 

 tral separate 

 orifice male ven- 

 tral cloacal orifice 



Bilateral 

 determinate; 

 no regenerate ; 

 no true meta- 

 morphosis 



Present 



None 



None 



Tube glands; 

 posterior 

 spinerette 

 single 



Rotatoria 



Tubular paired 

 gonads, sexes sepa- 

 rate; orifice into 

 cloaca in both 

 sexes 



Bilateral 

 determinate; 

 no regeneration; 

 no true meta- 

 morphosis 



Unknown 



None 



None 



None; 

 posterior 

 paired ahe- 

 sive toes 



Gfastrotricha 



Tubular paired 

 gonads; herma- 

 phrodites or 

 Orifices separ- 

 ate, ventral. 



Unknown 



Unknown 



None 



None 



Lateral tube 

 glands; 

 posterior 

 paired adhe- 

 sive toes 



Echinodera 



Tubular paired 

 gonads, sexes sepa- 

 rate. Orifice 

 paired, 



paired, lateral or 

 ventrolateral 

 posterior 



Unknown 



Present 



None 



None 



None, 



paired caudal 



adhesive setae 



Acanthocephala 



Somewhat tubular 

 or ovoid, paired; 

 sexes separate ; 

 orifice into cloaca 

 in both sexes 



.Superficially 

 bilateral, 

 actually radial 

 determinate; 

 metamorphosis 



None None Lymphatic None 



superficially 



Nematomorpha 



Tardigrada 



Sac-like paired 

 gonads with lin- 

 ear pockets; sexes 

 separate; open into 

 cloaca in both sexes 



? Radial 



determinate; 



Metamorphosis 



Absent in 

 usual sense. 

 Does shed 

 larval stylets 



None 



None 



None 



Tubular paired 

 gonads ; herma- 

 phroditic; orifices 

 of both sexes into 

 cloaca 



Radial. No 

 regeneration. No 

 metamorphosis 



Present 



None 



None 4 pairs of legs 



Arthropods 



Paired multitubular 

 gonads, sexes sep- 

 arate, female 

 orifice cloacal ; male 

 separate or cloacal 



Spiral deter- Present 



minate; regenerate; 

 usually meta- 

 morphosis 



Varied types Highly Varied jointed 



developed appendages 



Annelida 



Mietameric with 

 separate orifices; 

 hermaphroditic 



Spiral determinate; 

 regenerate ; 

 metamorphosis 



None Highly Metameric gills 



developed and setae 



Turbellarea Paired tubular Spiral determinate; None 



gonads ; herma- regenerate ; 



phroditic; separate metamorphosis 

 orifices ventral 



None 



None 



None 



Trematodea 



Do. except gonads 

 saccate 



Cleavage? 

 eggs include 

 yolk cells; 

 metamorphosis 



None 



None 



Lymphatic None 



Cestodea 



Do. 



Do. 



None 



None 



None 



None 



Nemertea 



Saccate, opening 

 directly to outside; 

 bisexual or herma- 

 phroditic 



Spiral determinate; None 

 regeneration ; 

 mttamorphosis 



None Highly None 



developed 



200 



