DIMENSIONS. 

 Length from the iutermaxillary symphysis to extremity 



of caudal '. 10-20 inches. 



Length of head to gill-opening 2-5o „ 



„ caudal fin HI „ 



Height of the head at the ocei|iiit IVH 



body at tlie Ills! ,lni^,,l 2-14 „ 



Width of the head at the pro. percula 2-10 „ 



„ of shoulder at tlie liisl dorsad 2-14 „ 



Distance between the eyes 0(i5 „ 



Diameter of the orbit 050 „ 



Hab. The coasts of Kurgueleii's land, anrl of the Auck- 

 land Islands. 



NOTOTHENIA CYANOBRANCHA. Richaidson. 



Ch. Spec. N. capite (prater genas, partes siipra-scapv- 

 lares et superiores operculi squamosasj, cute levissimd 

 tecto ; pinna caudee rotundatd ; pinnis dorsi membrand 

 conne.vis ; viemhrand branchiostegd margine cwruleo. 



Radii : -Br. 6 ; D. 4|— 36 ; A. .3-2 ; C. '2-2 ; P. 21 ; V. 1|5. 



Plate IV., figs. 1, -2, natural size. 



This species has a rather smaller and more depressed 

 head than the preceding one, the total length of the 

 fish being equal to 4^ times that of the head. The width 

 of the head is equal to its length, its height is less. The 

 top of the head, the preorbitar, suborbitars, and lower parts 

 of the gill-plates, are covered with perfectly smooth integu- 

 ment, without a vestige of the papillae which are crowded 

 over the head of coriiceps. There are, however, two small 

 scaly patches on the limbs of the supra scapular on each 

 side, and nearly the whole cheek and the upper quarter 

 of the operculum are scaly. Pores exist on the preoper- 

 culura and lower jaw as in the preceding species, and there 

 are also some on the snout, and on the upper margins of the 

 orbits. The teeth do not form more than two inegular 

 rows at the symphysis of the jaws, and are smaller on the 

 pharyngeal bones than those of coriiceps. The two dorsals 

 are also joined at the base by membrane ; the numbers of 

 the rays differ. In other parts of structure the resemblance 

 is close. The lateral line is interrupted under the thirtieth 

 ray of the second dorsal, and in recommencing again 

 below, it is faintly shown farther forward. A band of deep 

 purple, or blue, skirts the edge of the gill-membrane. In 

 this species most of the scales of the body are toothed on 

 the posterior edge, those having a smooth membraneous 

 margin being confined to the summit of the back and 

 ventral surface. A scale taken from the side is nearly 

 equally foiu'-sided, the posterior edge being convexly 

 curved in a slight degree, and finely toothed. The 

 bases of teeth which have worn off, produce rounded emi- 

 nences on a narrow part of the disk, adjoining the edge. 

 Fifteen furrows commence close to this rough border, cross 

 the disk, and end on the base, including its rounded corners, 

 producing a corresponding number of crenatures. There are 

 six rows of small scales on the base of the pectoral, ante- 

 riorly. The corresponding part behind is naked. The 

 last rays of the second dorsal and anal are divided to the 

 base. 



The intestines were damaged, so that their form could 

 not be fully ascertained, but four pyloric casca were clearly 



made out, and there may, perhaps, be a fifth. No vestige 

 of an air-bladder was seen. 



niMENSIONS. 

 Length from intermaxillary symphysis to end of caudal 



(ill ! 1060 inches. 



Length from iutermaxillary symphysis to gill-opening... 255 „ 



„ of caudal fin 1"40 „ 



Thickness at preopercula 2'22 „ 



Height at occiput I'H5 „ 



"„ 1st dorsal 215 „ 



Diameter of orbit OSO „ 



Breadth between orbits 0-50 „ 



Hab. The coasts of Kerguelen's Land. 



Notothenia puiti'UKiCEi's. Richardson. 



Ch. spec. N. pinnis dorsalibus discretis, pinnd priori 

 superne nigrd ; genis hemilcpidolis ; capite purpureo. 



Radii:— B. 6; D. 4|— 35 ; A. 31; C. IH; P. 21 ; V. I|.5. 



Plate II., figs. 3 and 4, natural size. 



This species considerably resembles the last one, but it 

 is less com]3ressed posteriorly ; its whole head has a purple 

 hue, and the edge of the gill-membrane has the dark 

 bluish tint of cyunobrnncha ; the first dorsal is not united 

 by membrane to the second, and the upper half only of 

 the cheek is scaly. There are also some minute differ- 

 ences in the form of the scales near the temples. There 

 are fifty-two rows of scales between the gill-opening and 

 caudal fin. The tail is less compressed than in the other 

 two species. The vent is close to the first ray of the anal 

 fin, with its orifice facing it, and there is no anal papilla. 

 Our examples of the other species had been slit open on the 

 belly, so that the non-existence of an anal papilla could not 

 be clearly ascertained. In the enumeration of the rays given 

 above, the last two of the dorsal and anal are considered 

 as separate rays, instead of branches of one ray, as in the 

 jjreceding species. The teeth are similar to those of 

 cyanobrancha. 



The following anatomical particulars were ascertained. 

 The intestines similar to those of coriiceps, the pyloric 

 cceca five in number. In the skeleton the top of the skull 

 is smooth and rounded, both transversely and longitudi- 

 nally, without ridges. The thin papery preorbitar has an 

 oblong rectangular form ; the other bones of the suborbitar 

 chain are mere narrow tubes which bound the inferior half 

 of the orbit. The preopercidum is traversed by canals in 

 its substance, which open on the disk by oblique, irregular 

 mouths. Its outer edge is thin and entire, and the integu- 

 ment which covers it is perforated by pores, as in the 

 other species. The operculum has a quadrantal form, 

 with a notch occupying the upper quarter of its posterior 

 curved edge. The acute points which bound the notch, 

 are the tips of two depressed slender ridges, or smooth 

 ribs, which strengthen the bone, and meet anteriorly at its 

 articidar angle. The suboperculum is narrow, and tapers 

 into a thin submembraneous tip. The interoperculura 

 is rather wide, oblong, and thin, with an even edge. A 

 thin posterior ridge gives strength to the limb of the inter- 

 maxillary. There are forty-six vertebrae, fifteen of which 

 are abdominal. 



