70 



excluding the raaxillavies from any share in the composi- 

 tion of the mouth. Their pedicles are about half as long 

 as the limbs, but give sufficient protractility to the jaw to 

 produce a deep, narrow furrow betwixt it and the preorbi- 

 tar. In the bottom of this iiirrow is the maxillary, which 

 glides in part under the edge of the preorbitar and cheek, 

 and is completely shut in and concealed when the jaw is 

 retracted. The intermaxillaries, up to their extreme tips, 

 and the lower jaw, are armed on their edges by a single se- 

 ries of vertical, incurved, chisel-shaped teeth, with rounded 

 tricuspid points, the side cusps being smaller, and consider- 

 ably shorter than the middle one. Twenty-one or twenty- 

 two of these teeth belong to each intermaxillary, and a 

 smaller number to the opposing limbs of the lower jaw. 

 The side cusps of the teeth implanted in the extremities of 

 the intermaxillaries are obsolete. Separated from the 

 outer row by a narrow furrow or interval, is a dense brush- 

 like band on each jaw, composed of teeth of similar form, 

 but much finer and shorter. The vomer and palate bone 

 are toothless. Cr. forskalii has five cusps to the teeth, 

 and in triglyphus and melanichthys, which have tricuspid 

 teeth, the cusps are equal. 



In tephraops the length of the preorbitar is equal to the 

 diameter of the bony orbit, its height is one-third less, and 

 its surface is scaleless ; as are also the circumference of the 

 orbit and the top of the head back to the posterior third of 

 the orbits. In the dried specimen the skin of these parts 

 and of the lips and lower jaw is crowded with minute pits. 

 The cheek is entirely covered with scales, which spread 

 over the temples and upper quarter of the gill-cover ; the 

 remaining part of the gill-cover, the interoperculum, and 

 disk of the preoperculum are covered with smooth skin. 

 Nearly the same distribution of scales on the head occurs 

 in Cr. triglyphus, but in the hgure of melaiiicht/iys in plate 

 39 of the ' Fauna Japonica,' the upper limb of the preoper- 

 culum and the whole operculum are represented as scaly. 

 In tephrwops the disk of the preoperculum is wide and 

 rounded at the angle, and becomes gradually narrow as it 

 ascends the upper limb. It is crenated on the edge, and in 

 the dried specimen presents an uneven surface. The inter- 

 operculum and suboperculum are entire and even, and the 

 operculum is cut by a shallow lunate notch, having a round- 

 ed upper corner and more acute inferior one. A smooth 

 membrane fills up the notch and forms a narrow edging to 

 the bone. 



The scales are small and oblong, with parallel sides, 

 truncated bases, and rounded ciliated extremities. An ob- 

 long central portion of the disk is smooth, the lines of 

 structure are parallel to the sides, about thirteen furrows 

 impress the base, and a small part of the tip adjoining the 

 marginal teeth is rough. The number of scales in a row 

 between the gill-opening and caudal fin is about 116, but 

 their exact number could not be determined owing to the 

 specimen having been varnished. Minute, closely ap- 

 pressed scales cover the membranes of the vertical fins al- 

 most to their extreme edges, a triangular slip behind the 

 tip of each of the dorsal spines being the only smooth part. 

 The spinous dorsal of triglyphua has merely a small fillet 

 of scales before the spines on alternate sides of the mem- 

 brane. In melnniclithys the scales generally are much 

 larger. 



The dorsal of tephraops commences over the axilla of 

 the pectorals, opposite to the ventrals, and occupies most 

 of the back. Its anterior spines are graduated, the first be- 

 ing half as high as the seventh ; the remaining seven are 

 equal in height to each other and to the soft part of the fin, 

 which is rounded posteriorly. The anal differs from that 

 of melanichthys, in being somewhat pointed and highest 

 in its anterior third, while the posterior part is rounded like 

 the end of the dorsal. Its spines are slender, and the third 

 one is considerably taller than the second, being equal to 

 half the length of the longest soft ray. The second anal 

 spine of Cr. triglyphus is rather taller than the third one. 

 The caudal of tephraiops is lunate at the end with acute 

 tips. 



Mr. Neill's drawing is black, deeper on the back and 

 fins, and more dilute towards the belly. A very dark speck 

 is placed behind the tip of the last dorsal spine. The eye 

 is stated to be gray, and it is on this account that we have 

 given the species the name of tephrcBops, as the others 

 have for the most part green or blue eyes. 



Hab. King George's Sound, Australia. 



Crenidens zebra is another species named by the Abori- 

 gines Kgnmmul or Karraway, "The Striped," and by the 

 sealers the " Zebra-fish." It differs from tephrwops, in hav- 

 ing nine blackish brown bars descending from the back, 

 and tapering off to a point on the whitish bell}'. The fore- 

 most stripe descends behind the pectorals, and the last one 

 crossses the trunk of the tail. The anal is not peaked an- 

 teriorly, and the three spines of that fin are nearly equal in 

 length to the soft rays. A single scale attached to Mr. 

 Neill's drawing of this fish (number 8), is even smaller than 

 the scales in general of tephrceops, and has a narrower 

 rounded base, but is otherwise similar. The drawing is 

 nearly a foot long. Mr. Neill reckons the rays as follow : 

 D. 11|15; A. 3|11; V. Ijo. He also states that the fish 

 has a bluish gray eye, that it inhabits rocky places, is a 

 gross feeder, and bad eating. It takes a baited hook. 



Sebastes pandus. Richardson. 



Radii :— B. 6 ; D. 12|— IjS ; A. 3|5 ; C. 13^ ; P. 16 et 

 IV; V. Ii5. 



Scorpxna panda, Richardson, Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist. ix. p. 

 216. An. 1842. Tylyuck or Teluck, " Big-head," Native Australian 

 names. Icon. Drawings of the Fish of King George's Sound, by De- 

 puty Asst. Comin. Gen. Neill, No. 53, Br. Mus. Length of drawing, 13 

 inches. Length of specimen 13 inches. 



Plate XLI., figs. 3, 4, natural size. 



This species was first described in the Annals of Natural 

 History, quoted above, from a drawing of the recent fish 

 made at Houtman's Abrolhos, by Lieut. Emery of the Royal 

 Navy. The transverse depression of the skull behind the 

 orbits is somewhat exaggerated in his figure, but it is, 

 nevertheless, deep enough to make the appellation oi pan- 

 das appropriate. In this character it resembles the Scor- 

 paina nova: guinea;, but it differs from that fish in the ab- 

 sence of cutaneous filaments on the head and body, 



