Biological Survey — Erie-Niagara Watershed 89 



speckled with black, following lines of rays. Body, and especially 

 head, silverj^ at this stage. 



By further development, body becomes deeper, head smaller, 

 and proportions more like the adult. Tiny chromatophores increase 

 greatly in number from dorsal aspect to lateral line, and ventral 

 half of body noticeably light colored with pigment spots sparsely 

 distributed. At 53 mm. the anal is speckled with black. Space 

 allows only measurements of the following later stages. 



53.0 mm. stage. Total length 53.0 mm; standard length 47.0 mm; 

 length to vent 35.0 mm; length of head 11.8 mm; greatest depth 

 11.25 mm; diameter of eye 3.75 mm. 



68.0 mm. stage. Total length 68.0 mm; standard length 58.0 

 mm; length to vent 43.5 mm; length of head 14.5 mm; depth at 

 origin of dorsal 13.15 mm; diameter of eye 4.0 mm; length to 

 origin of dorsal 28.0 mm. 



83.0 mm. stage. Yearling. Total length 83.0 mm ; standard 

 length 70.5 mm; length of head 18.5 mm; depth of head 11.5 mm; 

 length to dorsal 35.5 mm; greatest length of dorsal rays 14.25 mm; 

 depth at dorsal 15.0 mm ; length to ventrals 36.5 mm ; greatest 

 length of ventral rays 12.0 mm ; length to vent 52.2 mm ; greatest 

 length of anal rays 9.5 mm; length to pectorals 17.5 mm; greatest 

 length of pectoral rays 12.0 mm ; length of maxillary 7.0 mm ; 

 interorbital width 6.0 mm ; diameter of eye 5.7 mm. Fully scaled 

 as adult. Greenish gray above ; very silverj^ on sides and below ; 

 area of light amber extending from just behind pectorals to lateral 

 line and about half that width ; eye blue, edged in black. 



The larval stages of Cor eg onus cJupeaformis and Leucichthys 

 artedi are easily confused, and the very small number of herring 

 obtainable this summer prevented us from formulating any rules 

 of identification. It will be necessary to study many more speci- 

 mens before we can be sure that these differences are constant. 



I have pointed out a few outstanding characters in the above 

 descriptions, especially the diffusion of yellow color in the white- 

 fish throughout the yolk region, head, and sometimes over the 

 whole body, as contrasted in the herring with the restriction of 

 this pigment to the yolk sac. Furthermore, the double dorsal 

 series of chromatophores in the whitefish is symmetrical, even, and 

 continuous from behind head to tip of tail, while in the herring 

 it becomes broken and uneven from shortly behind head often to 

 a point more than halfway to vent. Although this character is 

 certainly a valuable indication of the species, it cannot be depended 

 upon, for in our large collection of whitefish there were quite a 

 number in which the dorsal series is thin and sometimes quite 

 uneven in this region, while among the dozen hatchery speci- 

 mens of young herring studied, one had a perfectly continuous 

 line indistinguishable from that of the whitefish. In all our her- 

 ring specimens the pigment over the intestine was very much 

 less noticeable than in the whitefish. 



In those specimens which we have studied, the body of the white- 

 fish was deeper than that of a herring of like size, and usually 



