INSECTA 489 



significance. Several methods of wing coupling have been developed 

 independently in the order. In addition to the type already referred 

 to on p. 429 and consisting oi frenulum and retinaculum^ there is the 

 further method met with in the ghost moths in which a jugal lobe 

 from the fore wing engages the anterior border of the hind wing. In 

 other forms there is neither frenulum nor jugum and the wings are 



Fig- 339- Head and proboscis of a moth. A, Front view. B, Side view. After 

 Metcalf and Flint. C, Transverse section of proboscis. After Eltringham. 

 dp. clypeus; drn. diagonal muscles; e. eye; ep. epipharynx; gal. galea; 

 Ibr. labrum; l.h. locking hooks; Ip. labial palp; md. mandible; 7nxp. ma.xillary 

 palp; n. nerve; tra. trachea. 



coupled by a considerable overlap of the two wings of a side, e.g. the 

 butterflies {Papilionina). 



In the females of certain Lepidoptera the wings are totally lost and 

 the animals are confined to the food plant on which they spend their 

 larval life. The male is attracted to the female, under these circum- 

 stances, by scent. 



Lepidopterous larvae (Fig. 344 A-C) have three thoracic and ten 

 abdominal segments with nine pairs of spiracles situated on the pro- 



