TABLE OF CONTENTS 



B. Chondrosteans 569 



The Eye as a Whole, 569— The Retina, 572. 



C HOLOSTEANS AND TeLEOSTS 573 



Holosteans, 573 — The Holostean Retina, 576 — Teleosts, 

 576— The Teleost Retina, 584. 

 D. Cladistians and Dipnoans . . . . . . 588 



Cladistians, 589 — Dipnoans, 589 — The Dipnoan Retina, 

 590. 



15. AMPHIBIANS 592 



A. Anurans 593 



The Eye as a Whole, 593— The Retina, 598. 



B. Urodeles 600 



The Eye as a Whole, 601 — The Retina, 603 — Comparison 

 with Fishes, 604. 



C. C^CILIANS 605 



16. REPTILES *..... 607 



A. Chelonians 608 



The Eye as a Whole, 609— The Retina, 611. 



B. Crocodilians 613 



The Eye as a Whole, 613— The Retina, 615. 



C. Sphenodon 616 



The Eye as a Whole, 617— The Retina, 620. 



D. Squamates 622 



Lizards, 622 — The Lacertilian Retina, 625— Snakes, 627 — ■ 



The History of the Snake Eye, 632 — The Ophidian Ret- 

 ina, 636. 



17. BIRDS 641 



The Eye as a Whole, 641 — The Pecten, and its Analogues 

 in Other Vertebrates, 648— The Retina, 659. 



18. MAMMALS 663 



A. Monotremes and Marsupials 664 



The Monotreme Eye, 664 — The Monotreme Retina, 669 — 



The Marsupial Eye, 671 — The Marsupial Retina, 674. 



B. Placentals 675 



The Eye as a Whole, 676— The Retina, 684— The Early 

 History of the Placentalian Eye, 686. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 693 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 721 



xiv 



