INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



NOTE: Page numbers in boldface indicate illustrations (and may also refer to textual 

 matter pertaining to the item). A starred (*) page number indicates that the item will be 

 found defined or characterized on that page. Other terms (not clearly defined in the text, 

 or likely to be unfamiliar to the reader) will be found defined or charaaerized here as re- 

 gards the senses in which they have been used in the text. The arrangement of sub-items is 

 alphabetical except in certain instances where a taxonomic arrangement seemed likely to 

 prove more convenient. 



birds, 440-442, 441, 647 

 mammals, 442-448 

 seals, 445-448 

 camera analogy for, 7 

 chief methods of, 251, 257-258, 438, 686 



evolutionary change, 417 

 convergence and, 314, 318, 328, 330 

 devices which obviate, 253-257, 255 

 eyeshine and, 231 

 feeding habits and, 286 

 locomotor speed and, 253 

 mechanisms, distribution of, 272-273 

 (Table VIII), 417, 681, 686, 

 692 (entries for pp. 266, 273 ) 

 'negative' and 'positive', 251, 597 

 -reflex of pupil, 156 

 role of pupil in, 272-273 (Table VIII), 



692 (entries for pp. 266, 273 ) 

 visual acuity and, 283-284 

 visual field and, 299-300 

 why needed, 26, 30-32, 249-253, 588, 686 

 taxonomically: 

 lampreys, 258-260, 265, 268 

 elasmobranchs, 251, 259-260, 265-267, 



272-273, 381, 429 

 teleosts, 161, 260-261, 265, 299, 401-402, 

 other fishes, 263-264 [583-584,586 



amphibians, 265-268, 266, 429, 436, 597 

 sauropsida, 269-283, 275, 280, 295, 299, 

 456, 647-648, 681, 686 

 lizards, 623-624, 632 

 snakes, 456, 630-631, 633 

 birds, 647-648, 651, 655-656 

 mammals, 283-288, 409-410, 414, 669, 

 673, 680-683 

 man, 27, 30-36, 31, 35, 194, 440, 681- 

 683 

 Acerina (teleost), retinal tapetum lucidum 

 acetylcholine, 529* [in, 236 



acid 



effea of 



on photomechanical changes, 151 

 on tapetum lucidum elements, 235 

 retinal adaptation and, 151 



aard-vark: Orycteropus, q.v. 

 AbastOT (reptile: a rainbow snake) 



accommodation in, 438 



chorioid of, 629 



pupil of, 225 



scleral pigment in, 628 



spectacle of, 450 



visual cells of, 154, 640 

 Abbott, 511, 692 (entry for p. 511) 

 Abelsdorff, 500-501, 646, 651, 657 

 abiotic light, 375* 



protection from, 375, 417 

 Ablepharus (reptile: a lizard), spectacle of, 

 Abramis (teleost: bream) [450 



retinal tapetum lucidum of, 236-237 



rhodopsin visible in living, 231 

 Abramowitz, 534 

 abyssal fishes (see deep>-sea fishes) 

 Acanthophis (reptile: death adder) 



sclera of, 627-628 



slit pupil of, 221, 225 

 dilatator of, 630 

 Acanthopterygii : spiny-rayed teleosts; 



adipose lids in, 383 [391*, 576* 



charaaeristics of, 391-392, 576 



double (?) cones in, 586-587 



guanin tapetum lucidum in, 236 



horizontal cells of, 585 



ocular characters of, 576-578 



spectacles in, 460-461 

 Accipiter (bird: a hawk) 



muscle of Miiller in, 646 

 accipitrines : hawk sub-family 



visual trident of, 307-309 

 accommodation 



air-and-warer vision and 



the essential problem in, 430 



taxonomically: 



teleosts, 430-433 



amphibians, 436 



chelonians, 436-437, 609-610, 614, 622 



crocodilians, 436, 614 



snakes, 282-283, 438, 456, 630 



