INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



725 



taxonomic position of, 233, 245, 517 

 Aparasphenodon (amphibian: an anuran), 



pupil of, 223 

 apes (see Anthropoidea ) , habits and pupils 



of, 228 

 aphakic space of pupil, 160*, 186, 261 

 Aphyonus (deep-sea teleost), vestigial eye 



of, 397 

 aplanatic: yielding a flat field (said of 



lenses) 

 Apodemus (mammal: a murid rodent), 



color blindness of, 512 

 Apogon (teleost), stripes crossing eye in 546 

 Aptenodytes (bird: king penguin), square 



pupil of, 221, 226 

 Apteryx (bird: kiwi) 



eye and habits of, 201, 500, 650 



pecten of, 650, 656-657 



refraction and vision of, 273, 281 



retma of, 500 



ringwulst of, 648 

 A pus (bird: a swift) 



areje and foveae of, 187-188, 308-309 



pecten of, 655 



ringwulst of, 647 

 aquatic aaivity, eye and vision in (see also 

 amphibious aaivity), 368-417 



Taxonomically: 



fishes, 368-407, 428-429, 431-436, 449- 

 454,459-461, 592-593 



amphibians, 407, 418-419 



chelonians, 422-423 



crocodilians, 422, 436 



lizards and snakes, 438 



birds, 226, 425, 438-442, 644 



mammals, 407-410, 442-448, 667, 669, 678 

 aquatic origin of eye, 369-371 

 aqueous humor 



source of, 371-373, 428-429, 592 



supposed coloration of, 191 

 Aquila (bird: an eagle) 



eye of, 643 



pecten of, 643, 656 



retinal area in, 656 



skull and scleral ossicles of, 270 

 Arabs, 246 

 Arapaima (largest freshwater teleost), lung 



of, 392 

 arboreal: tree-dwelling or tree-climbing 

 archer-fish: Toxotes, q.v. 

 Architeuthis (mollusc: giant squid), as food 



of Physeter, 412 

 Ardois signals, 507 

 area centralis (see also fovea), 181-182* 



accommodation and, 283 



distribution of, 184-190, 187 (Table III) 



eye movements and, 288, 291, 300-312 



organization of, 177, 181-182, 190, 685 



within tapetalized region, 243, 245-246 



taxonomically: 



elasmobranch, 184-185, 243, 245 



teleosts, 184, 303-305 



amphibians, 187, 266, 305,493 



reptiles, 186, 188-189, 305-307, 611, 

 615, 625 

 Xantusia, significance of, 625 



birds, 187-188, 307-310 



mammals, 185, 190, 310-312 

 area striata, 334-335 

 argentea, 235-236* 



taxonomically: 



lampreys, 558 



elasmobranchs, 567 



holosteans, 574-575 



teleosts, 581, 584 



cladistians, 589 

 argentine, 235* 

 Argyropelecus (deep-sea teleost) 



eye of, 213 



structure and development of, 400-401, 



prcescopic larva of, 405 [405 



retina of, 399 

 arhythmicity (see also habits), 143* 



adaptations for, 143-168, 430 



basis of, 163-164 



ocular proportioning in, 173 

 Aristotle, 526; illusion of, 326* 

 Arizona (reptile: a colubrid snake) 



pupil of, 168, 221, 225 



visual cells of, 63, 638 



zonule of, 630 

 Ascidia (non-vertebrate chordates: sea squirts) 



larval eye of, 121-122, 324, 339 



eye-origin theories based upon, 121-122 

 armadillos (mammals; see Xenarthra, 



Dasypus) 

 Arthrodira (extinct fish group), scleral 



ossicles in, 380 

 Artiodactyla (mammals: even-toed 'un- 

 gulates'), 676* 



ciliary processes of, 681 



cones of, 688 



corpora nigra of, 2 1 9, 679 



pectinate ligament in, 680 



retinal vessels in, 684 

 Ascelichthys (teleost: a conid), device for 



permitting eye-movement in, 454 

 Aiio (bird: an owl) 



pecten shadows of, 365 



spearal responsivity of pupil in, 102, 502 

 astigmatism, 27*-28 



significance of, in seals, 447-448 



streamlining of eye and, 380 



visual angle and, 287 

 Astronesthes (deep-sea teleost), photophores 

 of. 402 



