INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



727 



size of eye in, 386, 563 



tapetum lucidum of, 243 



taxonomic position of, 135-136 



temporary lids in, 386, 432, 452 



tenacular ligament of eyeball in, 578 



visual cells of, 568, 688 



visual fields of, 293, 385-386 



zonule of, 260, 268, 372, 429, 567 

 bats: Chiroptera, q.y. 

 Bauer, 474, 476-479 

 beaded lizards: Heloderma, q.v. 

 bears 



blink (false) in, 427 



eyes of, 145, 245 



habits of, 145, 170, 443 



nictitating membrane of, 426-427 



psychic weeping in, 41 



retinal degeneration in, 228 



tapetum lucidum in, 145, 245 



white ('polar"), 245, 426-427, 443 

 beavers: Castor, q.v. 

 Beebe, 349, 373, 396, 404, 528 

 Beer, 283, 287, 415, 438, 587, 614 

 Belong (teleost: needlefish) 



accommodation in, 582 



falciform process of, 582 



pigmented cornea of, 219, 433 

 beluga: white whale (Delphinapterus) , 412 

 Bengalichthys (deef>-sea elasmobranch), 



vestigial eye of, 397 

 Beniuc, 364-365, 489 

 Benner, 341 

 Benoit, 128 



Benthobat'ts (deep-sea elasmobranch), de- 

 generate eye of, 397, 563 

 benthonic fishes: deep-sea fishes, in part; 

 benthos, 384* [speaacles in, 461 



of deep seas, 392* 

 eyelessness in, 397-398 

 Bentley, 473 

 Belt a (teleost: Siamese fighting-fish) 



biological moment of, 364-365 



color vision of, 364-365, 489 

 Bierens de Haan, 515, 521 

 bifocal lenses, 257, 332-333, 440-441 

 bile salts, 75 

 binocular vision (see also visual fields); 313- 



acuity of, 308, 331-333 [338 



arecB centrales, foveae, and, 300-312 



in birds, 307-310, 309, 320, 323-324, 327, 



brightness in, 331-332 [331, 643, 651 



of colors, 90-91, 325, 333-338, 335 



in deep-sea fishes, 402-403 



evolution of, 326-331 



eye movements and, 300-312, 386 



in monotremes, 666, 669 



position of eyes and, 290-291 , 311, 385-386 



transversalis muscle and, 269 



biological moment (see moment) 

 bioluminescence (see also photophores), 396* 

 bird snake, African: Thelotornis, q.v. 

 birds 



accommodation and refraction in, 251, 

 257, 269-282, 438-442, 441, 

 647-648 

 adnexa in, 118, 419-425, 420-421, 440, 



641-642, 644 

 amphibious, adaptations of, 438-442 

 area and fovea of, 182-183, 187-189, 195, 

 307-310, 308-309, 324, 442, 659, 

 661-662, 692 (entries for pp. 187, 

 195) 

 binocularity in, 307-310, 309, 320, 323- 



324, 327, 331, 643 

 blinking, act of, in, 644 

 canal of Schlemm in, 646 

 chorioid of, 644-646 



muscle cells in, 273, 281, 442, 645 

 ciliary body in, 118, 277-281, 280, 441, 



645-646, 680 

 color vision of, 191-193, 196, 466, 497- 

 comeaof,441,641,644 [504,519-520 

 eye movements of, 213, 307-310, 329 

 eyeshine and tapetum (?) in, 230, 240, 

 Gemminger's ossicle of, 643-644 [646 



habits of, 150, 169-170, 176, 201, 203, 

 205-209, 307-310, 324, 341-342, 

 344-345, 438-442, 655-659 

 iris of, 269, 441, 647 



coloration of, 545-551 

 lens in, 118, 276-277, 441, 642-643, 



645, 647-648 

 monocular stereopsis in, 341-342 

 movement, perception of, by, 344-345, 



354, 365-367 

 nasad asymmetry of, 643 

 ocular proportions in, 172-174, 212-213, 



641-643, 665-666 

 ocular resemblance to lizards, 641, 689 

 optic nerve in 

 chiasma of, 47 

 head of, 179-180 

 orbit of, 642 

 origin and relationships of, 134-135, 139, 



203, 641 

 origin of ocular plan of, 622 

 pecten of, and its significance, 118, 180, 



188, 308, 365, 648-659, 643, 649 

 photosensory ependymal cells of, 79, 127- 

 pupils of, 221, 226, 439-440 [128 



consensual reflex of, 158 

 movements of, 150, 156, 162, 226, 269 

 spectral responsivity of, 102 

 retina in, 50, 178, 196, 659-662, 660, 684 

 photomechanical changes of, 150, 156, 

 rotatability of head in, 213 [162 



