738 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



degenerate eyes — cont'd 



lizards, 210, 625 



snakes, 210, 627, 687 



bird, 650 



mammals, 209, 671, 677, 687 

 degeneration of retina, 228 

 delamination: a separation into layers 

 Delphinidae (mammals: dolphins, porpoises), 



412 

 Deltdtheridium (extinct mammal), 675 

 Dendrobates (amphibian: an anuran), poss- 

 ibility of yellow filters in, 599 

 Dendrolagus (mammal: a tree-kangaroo), 



size of eye and lens in, 674 

 Denisonia (reptile: an elapid snake), visual 



fields of, 294 

 depth, perception of, 315* 



binocular, 314-319 



monocular, 313-314 



in animals, 323, 341-342 



in paintings, 194 

 depth of focus, 68, 254 

 dermal color changes (see color changes) 

 Dermoptera (order of mammals: flying- 

 lemurs), taxonomic position of, 

 139, 676 

 Descemet, corneal layers of, 8, 10, 11*-12 



absence of, 623 



development of, 116 



origin of, 451-452 



taxonomically: 



lampreys, 557 



elasmobranchs, 566 



sturgeons, 570 



holosteans, 574 



teleosts, 580-581 



dipnoans, 590 



anurans, 595-596 



chelonians, 609 



Sphenodon, 617 



lizards, 623 



monotremes, 667-668 



marsupials, 672, 674 



placentals, 678-680 

 man, 8, 10, 11-12 

 deserticolous : desert-inhabiting 

 Desmognathus (amphibian: dusky salaman- 

 der), retinal summation in, 603 

 deuteranopia, 99* 

 development (embryology) of: 



amphibian vitreous, 188 



annular ligament, 580 



annular pad, 276-277 



anterior segment, I 15-116 



Apteryx eye, 650 



caecilian eye and adnexa, 606 



conus papillaris of snakes, 631 



deep-sea fishes, 400-401, 404-405, 404 



Didelphis eye, 663, 672 



eel, 405-407 



eye muscles in sharks, 564, 567 



eyeball wall, 114-115, 593-594, 601-602, 



Gemminger's ossicle, 643 [629 



glands, 115, 117,445, 593 



iris muscles of birds, 647 



iris muscles of snakes, 630 



lamprey eye, 117-118, 126-127, 131, 406- 



lens, 105-113, 106, 110-112 [407 



lids, 118, 452, 593, 601,644 



mammalian eye, 104-117 



median eyes, 126, 338 



nictitating membrane, 118 



optic cup, 104-108, 105-106 



pecten, 118, 648 



retina, 106-109, 107, 582, 602 



retinal vessels, 112-113, 684 

 murid rodents, 684 



spectacle, 454-455 



stalked eye, 404 



tubular eye, 401 



vitreal vessels in snakes, 631 



vitreous, 113-118, 114,610-611 

 Devonian ocean, salinity of, 370 

 DeVoss, 506 

 Dialommus (teleost: four-eyed blenny), eye 



of, 433-434 

 DibamidcB (reptiles: a fossorial lizard 



eyes of, 625 [family) 



spectacle in, 450 

 Didelphis (mammal: opossum) 



achromatic vision of, 518 



area centralis of, 185 



ciliary muscle of, 674 



cornea of, 671 



disappearance of choriocapillaris in, 672 



eye of, 173 



development of, 663 



eyeshineof, 231, 238, 241 



fundus of, 233 



method of eye closure in, 427 



optic chiasma of, 319 



retina in 239, 672 



vessels of, 201, 654, 672 



tapetum lucidum of, 143, 233, 245, 238- 

 239, 241, 654, 672, 684 



visual acuity of, 207 

 Diemenia (reptile: an elapid snake), visual 



fields of, 294 

 diencephalon, 105*; photosensitivity of, 79, 

 digitonin, 75 [127-128 



dimorphism: the occurrence of two struaural 



types within a single species 

 Dinichthys (extinct fish), scleral ossicles of, 

 dinosaurs, 138 [380 



as ancestors of birds, 138, 622 



probable habits of, 164, 203 



