INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



739 



taxonomic position of, 135 

 visual cells of, 621 

 Diomedea (bird: albatross) 

 eye and scleral ossicles of, 270 

 feeding method of, 439 

 diopter, 34-35*, 194, 447 

 dioptric media : cornea + aqueous + lens + 

 absorption in, 194, 196, 199 [vitreous 

 dispersion by, 193-194 

 maximal transparency of, 609 

 passage of light rays through, 29-30 

 dioptrics, 417, 428-448, 455 

 diphyletic: said of an animal group once 

 supposed to have had a single com- 

 mon ancestor, but now known to 

 comprise two real groups, each 

 with a separate common ancestor 

 Diplasiocoela (amphibians: an anuran sub- 

 order), taxonomic position of, 593 

 diplopia, 318*, 324 

 of median eyes, 340 

 monocular, 330 



physiological, 317-318, 330, 361 

 in strabismus, 329-330 

 Dipneusti: Dipnoi, q.v. 

 Dipnoi (dipnoans; lungfishes) 

 accommodation in, 263 

 chorioid in, 590 

 comparison with lampreys, 590 

 dermal color changes in, 525, 537 

 fibrous tunic in, 590 

 habits of, 150, 200, 223, 263 

 iris in, 590 

 lens in, 590 

 optic nerve in, 591 



pupil in, 150, 160, 220, 222-223, 590 

 relationships of, 135-136, 588-589, 593 

 retina anci visual cells of, 150, 200, 216- 



217, 590-591,600 

 size of cells in, 217, 591 

 spectacle in, 450, 590 

 vitreal vessels in, 590 

 dipper (bird: water-ouzel) 

 cloudy nictitans of, 424 

 habits of, 439 

 lacrimal gland in, 425 

 Dipsadomorphus (reptile: a colubrid snake), 



visual cells of, 638 

 direction, local signs of (see local signs) 

 Discoglossus (amphibian: an anuran), scleral 

 Disney, 360 [cartilage of, 595 



Dispholidus (reptile: a colubrid snake), 



visual fields of, 294 

 Dissomma (deep-sea teleost), development 



of tubular eye in, 400-401 

 distance, perception of, 315* 

 binocular, 314-315,317 

 factors in, 247-248, 313-314, 344 



monocular, 313-314 



in animals, 323, 341-342 



through 'growth' of image, 344 



value of vision in, 288 



'visual trident' and, 307-310 

 diurnality (see also habits) 



adaptations for, 169-205, 208, 609, 617, 

 620, 622, 624-625, 630, 636-640, 

 642, 675, 684-689 



and color vision, 464, 504-505, 518-521 



ocular proportioning in, 1 73, 609 



pupil and, 217-228, 627 



retinal lamination in, 177 



retinal metabolism in, 652, 658 



tertiary, 627 

 diving, by: 



birds, 226, 438-442, 647 



fiishes, 415-416 



humans, 349 



seals, 444 



whales, 415-416 

 Dodge's experiment, 348* 

 dog (a canid carnivore) 



accommodation of, 156 



color vision in, 505-507 



convergence in, 312, 328 



eye of, 173 



movements of, 311 



optic axes of, 297 



optic chiasma of, 319 



perception of movement by, 350, 362 



pigment epithelium of, 56, 238, 684 



pupil responses of, 156, 501 



retractor bulbi muscle of, 420 



stroboscopic vision in, 362 



surgical interchange of eye muscles in, 311 



tapetum lucidum of, 234, 684 



visual field of, 297-298 



visual hunting by, 345 

 dogfish 



true: any of several small sharks 



'freshwater-': Amia, q.v. 

 Dolichopteryx (deep-sea teleost), vertical 



aim of eyes in, 401 

 Dolichotis (mammal: Patagonian cavy), 

 diurnality of, 686, 692 (entry 

 for p. 201) 

 dolphin: a small whale, q.v. 

 dominant ('master') eye: the eye which one 

 prefers to use for one-eyed tasks, 

 such as sighting a rifle or looking 

 through a telescope or microscope 



role of, in binocular vision, 90, 324 

 Donders, laws of, 302 

 dormice (mammals: rodents; see Eliomys, 



chorioid in, 654 [Glis, Muscardinus) 



pupils of, 162 



retinal vessels of, 654 



