742 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



Etmopterus — -cont'd 



tapetum lucidum of, 398 

 thin sclera of, 416, 565 

 Etrumeus (teleost: near anchovies) spectacle 



of, 460 

 Eublepharidje (reptiles: lidded gecko family) 

 habits of, 201 

 lids of, 458, 623 

 pupils of, 220 

 taxonomic status of, 623 

 Eublepharus (reptile: a eublepharid lizard), 



'lashes' of, 424 

 Eucalia (teleost: a stickleback), color vision 



of, 483 

 Euchirotidae (reptiles: a fossorial lizard 

 eyes of, 625 [family) 



spectacles of, 450 

 Eudontomyzon (cyclostome: a lamprey), 



size of eye in, 556 

 Eudyptes (bird: rockhopper penguin), sea- 

 sonal change of iris color in, 550 

 Eumetopias (mammal: a seal), ocular pro- 

 portions in, 445-446 

 Euphagus (bird), nuptial changes of iris 



color in, 550 

 Eurycea (amphibian: a urodele), retinal 



summation in, 603 

 Euscorpius (arthropod: a scorpion), ocellus 



of, 3 

 Eustomias (deep-sea teleost), stalk-eyed 



larva of, 405 

 evagination: an out-bulging or out-pocketing 

 Evermanella (deep-sea teleost) 



guanin retinal tapetum lucidum of, 237- 



238, 240 

 normal and tubular eyes in different 

 species of, 400 

 Eviota (teleost), internal coloration of, 528 

 evolution, of: 



accommodation, 272-273 (Table VIII) 

 amphibians, 593, 600-601, 604-605 

 area centralis and fovea, 181-184 

 binocular vision, 326-331 

 birds, 641 



as read in scleral ossicles, 274 

 cave habit, 387-390 

 color vision, 463-465, 518-521, 519, 



688-689 

 conjunctiva, cornea, and spectacles, 



449-461, 451 

 control of visual-cell illumination, 150 



(Table II) 

 deep-sea fishes, 391-403 

 eye, 104, 119-133, Part III 



degenerate, 209-210, 384, 387-390, 

 diurnal, 175, 608 [397-398 



median, 338-340 

 nocturnal, 210-212, 608, 614, 621 



terrestrial, 417-420, 592-593, 607 

 tubular, 212, 400-403 

 in water, 369-371, 462 



flatfishes, 385 



intra-ocular color-filters, 199-205, 200-201, 



lungfishes, 588-589 [(Table IV) 



mammals, 663-664, 675-676, 686-689 



nocturnality, 208-209 



pupil, 220-221 (Table VI) 



retinal nutrition, 648-659 



seal eye, 448 



snakes and their eyes, 458-459, 543, 632- 



tapetum lucidum, 243-245 [640 



teleosts, 576-578 



vertebrates, 134-139, 135 



vertical slit pupil, 428 



visual cells, 62-63, 163-168, 691 (Plate I) 

 Exner, 366 



extra-ocular muscles (see muscles) 

 eye, simulation of, 544, 548 

 eye-masks, 545-547 

 eye-mindedness, 283 

 eye-movements 



are«, fove», and, 288, 300-312 



avoidance of, 312 



binocularity and, 291, 323-331, 340 



classification of, 300 



downward, 387 



gyroscopic, 303, 348-349 



labyrinth and, 301 



local signs of direction and, 330 



passive, and diplopia, 318 



pursuit, 348, 352 



reading and, 348-349 



reconjugation of, after surgery, 311-312, 

 328-329 



retractive, 303, 305, 386, 419-423, 427, 

 429-43 I 

 swallowing aided by, 419, 594, 601 



saccadic, 348 



suppression of vision in, 348-349 



simulation of blinking by, 387 



space-perception and, 300-312, 348-349 



spectacle and, 449, 452-454 



wheel-, 303, 564-565 



taxonomically: 



lampreys, 259 



fishes, 303-305, 429, 564-565 



amphibians, 305 



reptiles, 305-306 



birds, 307-310 



mammals, 310-312 



man, 38, 300-302, 311, 314-318, 328- 

 whales, 412 [331,347-349 



eye-spots, 544-545 

 eyelessness, absolute, 397-398 

 eyeshine, 229* 



in birds, 646 



