INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



Lutra (mammal: a mustelid carnivore; otter) 



accommodation and refraction of, lll-iyi, 



adnexa of, 444 [444 



habits of, 443-444 



iris of, 678 



sphincter pupillae of, 444, 447 



pupil of, 162 

 Luvarus (teleost: louvar), guanin in retina 



of, 585 

 Lygodactylus (reptile: a diurnal gecko) 



pupil of, 203, 220, 627 



visual cells of, 203, 627 



yellow lens of, 199, 201, 203 

 Lygosoma (reptile: a scincid lizard), lid 



window of, 450 

 Lymnomedusa (amphibian: a hylid anuran), 



vertical pupil of, 223 

 lynx (a felid) 



cornea of, 214 



eye of, 1 73 

 lysozyme, 41* 



M 



M abut a (reptile: a scincid lizard), head of, 



showing lid window, 457 

 macaques (lowest catarrhine anthropoids), 



color vision of, 515 

 macaw, color change in, 525 

 McEwan, 576, 586 

 Machterhamphus (bird: bat-eating hawk), 



yellow iris of, 545 

 mackerels (see Scomber, scombroids) 

 Macrochiroptera, 692 (entry for p. 254) 

 Macropodidie: kangaroos and wallabies, qq.v. 

 macrophthalmia, 406-407* 

 MacTopus (mammal: a kangaroo), eye and 



lens of, 673-674 

 Macrorhinus (mammal: elephant seal) 



ballasting habit of, 440 



change of optic axes in, 444 



eye of, 445 



lid movements of, 425 



terrestrial myopia of, 448 

 macula (lutea), 181* 



decussation of, 319 



pigmentation of, 99, 183, 191, 204, 477 



sensitivity of, 185 



substitute, 322, 330 

 magpie, color-interest of, 466 

 Malacopterygii: soft-rayed teleosts; 391*, 



adipose lids m, 383 [576* 



characteristics of, 391-392, 576 



double (?) cones in, 586 



guanin tapetum lucidum in, 236 



ocular chararters of, 576-578 



spectacles in, 460-461 

 Malpolon (reptile: a colubrid snake) 



visual acuity of, 178, 637-638 



visual cells of, 178, 637-638 



visual fields of, 294 

 Mammalia (monotremes + marsupials -i- pla- 

 centals, qq.v.), 138-139*, 663-689 

 man-eating shark: Carcharodon, q.v. 

 manatee: Trichechus, q.v. 

 mandrill, normal myopia of, 286 

 mangabey: Cercocebus, q.v. 

 manipulation and binocularity, 312 

 Manis (mammal: scaly ant-eater), nictitat- 

 ing membrane of, 426 

 Mann, 546, 619 



Mantd (elasmobranch: a ray), pupil and 

 horizontal aim of eyes in, 385-386 

 mantas: Mobulidse, q.v. 

 Mantipus (amphibian: an anuran), eyespots 



on skin of, 544 

 mantis, protective coloration in, 524 

 marine iguana: Amblyrhynchus, q.v. 

 Marmosa (mammal: mouse opossum) 



ciliary muscle of, 673-674 



cornea of, 671 



eyeshine in, 238 



pigment epithelium of, 44 



retinal vessels of, 672 



tapetum lucidum (lacking) in, 238 



visual cells of, 670 

 marmosets: Hapalidae, q.v. 

 Marmota (mammal : a sciurid rodent; 



habits of, 209 [woodchuck) 



hypothetical color vision of, 468-472 



optic disc of, 180 

 marmots: marmotine sub-family of Sciuridce; 

 includes ground-squirrels (Citellus) 

 and prairie-dogs (Cynomys, q.v.), 

 but NOT Marmota 



area centralis in, 187 



eye mobility in, 312 



pupils of, 221 



and visual field, 299 



visual acuity of, 312 



visual cells of, 176 

 marsupial mammals (see also kangaroos, wal- 

 labies, phalangers, opossums) 



ciliary body of, 673, 681 



color vision in, 518 



conus papillaris in, 654 



development of, 663 



eye-movements in, 310-312 



eyes of, 173, 670-675, 673-674, 686-687 



eyeshine and tapetum lucidum in, 143, 

 233, 238-241, 239, 672 



habits of, 201, 227, 518, 664 



optic axes of, 297 



optic chiasma in, 52, 319 



origin and evolution of , 135, 138-139,284, 

 663-664, 671, 675, 686-687 



pupils of, 143, 221, 227 



