INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



757 



retina in, 143, 239, 674-675 



circulation of, 201, 239, 654, 672 

 visual acuity in, 207 

 visual cells in, 59, 670, 675, 685, 688 

 oil-droplets of, 201, 203 

 martens: Martes, q.v. 

 Martes (mammal: a mustelid carnivore) 

 habits of, 170 

 sensory capacities of, 508 

 Mast, 482, 527 



Masticophis (reptile: whip-snake), pupil of, 

 mastiguve-.U Tomastix, q.v. [Ill 



Mastodonsaurus (amphibian: stegoceph- 



alian), reconstruaion of, 137 

 Matthews, 502 



Matthiessen, ratio of, 262*, 446 

 matutinal: pertaining to morning hours; 

 Mayerhausen, 291 [auroral 



median eyes, 126-127, 129, 137, 338-340, 



339, 634 

 Megachiroptera (mammals: chiropteran sub- 

 order; fruit-bats or 'flying-foxes'), 

 692 (entry for p. 254) 

 mammillated chorioid of, 254-255, 270, 



273, 678 

 retinal degeneration in, 228 

 retinal tapetum lucidum of, 238, 241, 684 

 visual cells of, 685 

 Megalobatrachiis (amphibian: Japanese 

 giant salamander) 

 accommodation (lacking) and vision of, 

 scleral cartilage of, 601 [267-268 



vascular cornea of, 602 

 visual cells of, 603 

 melanin: a pigment (or group of pigments), 

 dark brown or black in color, which 

 is characteristic of animal tissues 

 and which is under genetic control 

 — its absence being albinism 

 melanophores, 526*, 581, 597 

 Melopsiltacus (bird: Australian zebra grass- 

 parakeet; budgerigar), color vision 

 of, 499-500 

 Melursus (mammal: a bear), false blink 



in, 427 

 meninges: the protertive and nutritive mem- 

 branes which cover the brain and 

 spinal cord — the dura mater (outer) 

 and the pia-arachnoid sheath (in- 

 ner); 119, 133, 452 

 Menner, 365-367, 685 

 Menotyphla, 676* 

 mergansers 



feeding habits of, 439 

 accommodation and, 441 

 Merker, 488, 515 



mesoderm: intermediate cell-layer or -mass 

 of an embryo (seeeao-, endoderm) 



mesothelium: a sheet or layer of cells of 

 mesodermal origin (c/. epithelium) 

 Metriorhynchidae (reptiles: an extinct croco- 

 dilian family), scleral ossicles in, 

 274 

 Microchiroptera (mammals: small-bat sub- 

 order), eyes and vision of, 255 

 Microhylidae (amphibians: an anuran family) 

 oil-droplets (lacking) in, 599-600 

 scleral bone in, 595 

 MicTopterus (teleost: a centrarchid ) , eye- 

 color change in anoxia in, 551 

 Mkroscalabotes (reptile: a lidded gecko), 



pupil and visual cells of, 627 

 minimum separabile, 207* 

 mink, red-curiosity of, 466, 508 

 minnows: Cyprinidee, q.v. 

 Misgurnus (teleost: giant loach), branched 



optic nerve of, 367 

 mitochondria: tiny, lipoid formed elements 

 in the cytoplasm of most kinds of 

 cells 

 Mobulidae (elasmobranchs: a batoid family; 

 aim of eyes in, 386 [mantas) 



pupils of, 220, 222, 386 

 moccasin: Agkistrodon, q.v. 

 mole-rats: Spalax, Ellobius, Bathyergidse, 



qq.v.; eyes of, 687 

 moles 



eyes of, 210, 677, 687 

 fossorial habit of, 209 

 lids of, 458 



marsupial: Notoryctes, q.v. 

 taxonomic position of, 676 

 Mold (teleost: ocean sunfish) 

 size of eye of, 415 

 corneal laminations of, 580 

 moment, biological, 351*, 364-365, 588 

 Monacanthus (teleost: filefish), eye-move- 

 ments, pupil, and possible fovea of, 

 304-305 

 monitors: VaranidcE, q.v. 

 monk-fish: Squatina, q.v. 

 monotreme mammals: Ormthorhynchus, 

 Tachyglossus, Ziglossus, qq.v. 

 ciliary body in, 667, 681 

 eyes of, 664-671, 667, 686 

 eyeshine in, 240 



habits of, 201, 203, 227, 664, 686-687 

 nictitating membrane in, 426, 665 

 optic axes of, 297 

 origin and evolution of, 135, 138-139,284, 



663-664, 666, 669, 671, 675 

 pupils of, 221, 227 

 retina in, 654, 669-671 

 visual cells in, 201, 670-671, 675, 686, 688 

 oil-droplets of, 201, 203, 692 (entry for 

 moon-eye: Hiodon, q.v. [p. 203) 



