INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



761 



Noble, 593, 599 

 nocmmality (see also habits) 



adaptations for, 206-246, 410, 457-459, 

 563, 568, 613, 620-622, 624, 626- 

 627, 636-640, 661, 670-671, 674, 

 678, 684-689 

 paradoxical apparent (in seals) , 446-448 

 advantages of, 208-209 

 immateriality of emmetropia in, 288 

 limitations of, 208-209 

 ocular proportioning in, 173 

 pupil and, 217-228 

 retinal lamination and, 177 

 retinal metabolism and, 658 

 spectacle and, 457-459 

 nodding habit, 342 

 Nolte, 522 



Nomarthra (order of mammals; 'edentates', 

 in part; pangolins; see Manis), 

 692 (entry for p. 676) 

 optic axes of, 297 

 pure-rod (?) retina in, 685 

 size of eye in, 677 

 taxonomic position of, 676 

 Notoryctes (mammal: marsupial 'golden 

 mole' ) 

 eyes of, 210 



scleral cartilages of, 671 

 Notropis (teleost: common shiner), color 



vision in, 486 

 nurse shark: Gingylostoma, q.v. 

 nyctalopia: night-blindness; inability to see 

 in dim light (often mistakenly 

 called hemeralopia — which means 

 t/cjy-blindness); 77-78 

 Nycticebus (mammal: a lemuroid) 

 tubular eyes of, 677-678 

 visual cells of, 685 

 Nyctipithecus: Aotus, q.v. 

 nystagmus, 97* 

 caloric, 301* 

 railroad, 302* 



occipital condyles: prominences on the base 

 of the skull, which articulate with 

 the first vertebra 



occlusible, 237* 



Ochotona (mammal: a lagomorph; pika), 

 diumality of, 201, 227, 686 



octave: a span of frequencies or wavelengths 

 such that the highest is exartly 

 twice the lowest 



oculorotatory muscles: those which turn the 

 eyeball, as apart from other extra- 

 ocular, oculomotor muscles such as 

 retractors, levators, nirtitans-oper- 

 ators, etc.; see muscles 



O'Day, 227, 665-666, 669-670, 675 

 OdobcEnidae (mammals: walruses; see Pinni- 



pedia) 

 Odontoceti (mammals: toothed whales; see 



whales) 

 Oedipus (amphibian: a salamander), com- 

 plete terrestriality and viviparity 

 of, 368 

 Ogcocephalus (teleost: a batfish), stripes 



crossing eye of, 546 

 Ogneff, 390, 533 

 oil-bird: Steatornis, q.v. 

 Onychodactylus (amphibian: an aquatic 

 salamander), flat cornea of, 601 

 operculum 

 of gills, 581 



of pupil (see pupil, opercula of) 

 Ophidia: snakes, q.v. 

 Ophiops (reptile: a lacertid lizard), spec- 

 tacle of, 450 

 Ophisaurus (reptile: a legless anguid) 

 evolution of, 636 

 eyes of, 633 

 visual fields of, 294 

 ophthalmoliths, 239* 

 ophthalmoscope, 178, 185, 229*, 365 



rhodopsin seen with, 231 

 opisthoglyphs : back-fanged colubrid snakes; 



pupil in, 225 

 Opisthoproctus (deep-sea teleost), upward- 

 aimed tubular eyes of, 401, 403 

 opossums (mammals: lowest marsupials) 

 common: Didelphis, q.v. 

 cornea in, 671-672 

 development of, 663 

 elongated eye in, 671 

 eye size in, 674 

 eyeshine in, 238 

 intelligence (lacking) of, 467 

 lens shape in, 173, 213, 674 

 mouse: Marmosa, q.v. 

 optic axes of, 297 

 primitiveness of, 664 

 visual cells of, 215, 670, 675, 685, 688 

 Opsanus (teleost: toadfish), dorsal binocular 



field of, 293 

 optic axis: a line through the centers of 

 curvature of the lens and cornea; 

 7, 291-297, 401-403 

 optic capsule, 557* 

 optic chiasma, 47, 52*, 319, 323, 334-335, 



521, 666 

 optic cup, 104-109, 106 



embryonic fissure of, 106, 118, 179, 265, 

 275, 277^278, 279, 437, 566-567, 

 575, 582, 597, 610, 650 

 healing of, 566-567, 582, 602 

 persistence of, 265, 562, 582 



