INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



765 



photophobia, 97* 



photophores, 396*-397, 398, 401-403, 404 



Phoxinus (teleost: Ellritz) 



color vision in, 479-480, 487-488, 492, 522 



color-associations and brain surgery in, 522 



dermal color changes in, 480-482 

 diurnal rhythm of, 538 



retinal photomechanical changes in, 146, 



stroboscopic vision of, 363-364 [480 



Phrynomerus (amphibian: an anuran), 



pupil of, 223 

 Phrynosoma (reptile: an iguanid lizard), 



dermal color changes in, 540 

 Phyllorhynchus (reptile: a colubrid snake) 



fibrous tunic of, 628 



speaacle of, 450 



visual cells of, 168, 216, 638 

 rhodopsin (lacking) in, 78, 168 

 phylogeny (see evolution) 

 Physeter (mammal: sperm whale) 



habits of, 411-412 



visual cells of, 415 

 Physignathus (an agamid lizard), visual 



fields of, 294 

 Physoclisti (a teleost division) 



characteristics of, 576-578 



double (?) cones in, 587 



falciform process in, 582 

 Physostomi (a teleost division) 



chararteristics of, 576-578 



cornea in, 579 



falciform process in, 582 



horizontal cells in, 585 

 pia-arachnoid (see meninges) 

 Piabuca (teleost), vertical pupil of, 220, 222 

 pig (see Suina) 



pigeon, domestic: Columba, q.v. 

 pigeon guillemot: Cepphus, q.v. 

 pigment (see also carotenoids, chlorophyll, 

 melanin) 



chorioidal, funaion of, 13, 228 



of cornea, 219 



of lens (see also lentiflavin), 199 



at limbus in reptiles, 609 



of macula lutea, 204 



migration of 



in retina, 146-152 

 in skin, 525-526 



photochemical (see idopsin, porphyropsin, 

 rhodopsin, zapfensubstanz ) 



photosynthetic, 374 



of retina (see retina, pigment epithelium 

 of; fuscin) 

 pika: Ochotona, q.v. 

 pikeperch: Stizosledion, q.v. 



European: Lucioperca, q.v. 

 pineal eye (see median eyes) 

 pineal gland, 339* 



pinhole 



as image-former, 2, 224, 255-257 

 -pupil,220-223, 224-225, 227-228, 391 

 relation to accommodation of, 255-257, 



438 

 simulation of, in seals, 447-448 

 Pinnipedia (mammals: eared and true seals, 

 walrusses) 

 accommodation and refraaion in, 272-273, 

 ciliary processes in, 681 [447-448 



eyes, vision, habits of, 443-448, 446 

 iris of, 678 

 lens in, 683 



muscle of Miiller in, 285 

 optic axes in, 296-297 

 pectinate ligament of, 680 

 pupils in, 162-163, 221 

 retina in, 216 



tapetum lucidum of, 233-235, 241, 244 

 taxonomic position of, 139, 676 

 upward tilt of eyes in, 296 

 Pipa (amphibian: Surinam toad), aquatic 



habit of, 368 

 pipe-fish: Syngnathus, q.v. 

 Piper, 500-501 



PipidcP (amphibians: an anuran family) 

 pupils in, 223 

 spectacle in, 593 

 Pipistrellus (mammal: a microchiropteran), 



retinal capillaries in, 684 

 Pirenne, 502 

 Pisa, 292, 298 



Pithecus {-Macacus [in part]; mammal: 

 Sumatran monkey), color vision 

 pit-vipers: Crotalidas, q.v. [of, 515 



placental mammals (see also human eye 

 and vision) 

 accommodation and refraaion in, 252, 

 257, 272-273, 283-288, 444-448, 

 adnexa in, 425-427 [680-683 



amphibious, and their adaptations, 442-448 

 aquatic, and their adaptations, 407-417 

 area centralis and fovea in, 181-182, 187, 



190, 245, 292, 311-312 

 arhythmic, 145 



central visual pathway in, 335 

 chonoid in, 254-255, 672, 678 

 ciliary body in, 286, 679-683 



muscles of, 272-273, 285-286, 674 

 color vision in, 333-338, 462-472, 504- 



523, 688-689 

 coloration of body and eye in, 523-524, 

 compared with snakes, 687 [543-550 



conus papillaris in, 654 

 development of eye in, 104-117 

 diurnal, 686, 692 (entry for p. 201) 

 early ocular history of, 283-284, 686-689 

 eye-movements of, 310-312, 330 



