INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



taxonotnic position of, 136 



visual and horizontal cells of, 692 (entry 

 for p. 589 



vitreal vessels of, 605, 653 

 Pomolobus (teleost: a clupeid; skipjack), 



adipose lids of, 383 

 porbeagle shark: Lamna, q.v. 

 porcupines (mammals: rodents) 



New-World: Erethizontidcc; color blind- 

 ness of, 513 



Old-World: Hystricidae, q.v. 

 porphyropsin, 375* 

 porpoise (see whales) 

 Porsch, 503-504 

 Porter (see Ferry and Porter) 

 Portier, 310 



potto: Perodicticus, q.v. 

 Pouchet, 479, 529 



Pouchetia (protozoan), visual organelle of, 3 

 Poulton, 524 



prsBSCopic larvce, 401, 405* 

 prairie-dog: Cynomys, q.v. 

 pre-adaptation, 388*, 399 

 predacity, visual fields and, 290-291 

 presbyopia, 35-36*, 250, 257, 285, 440 



freedom (?) of non-mammals from, 287 

 pressure, hydrostatic 



intra-ocular, 12*, 275, 279, 417 



ocular adaptations to, 394-395, 415-417 

 Primates (order of mammals: Lemuroidea + 

 Anthropoidea, qq. v.); see also 

 human eye and vision 



accommodation and refraction in, 272- 

 273, 287, 681-683, 689 



area centralis and fovea in, 187, 190, 245, 

 685, 689 

 macula lutea, 181, 201, 204 



central visual pathways in, 334-338, 335 



ciliary muscles of, 285, 679 

 of Miiller, 280, 285 



ciliary processes of, 681-683 



circumcorneal sulcus of, 284, 672 



color vision in, 515-517, 519-523 



compared with monotremes, 669 



convergence in, 312 



evolution of diurnality in, 515, 521, 688- 



eye-movements in, 311 [689 



flexibility of neck in, 213, 311 



habits of, 169, 176, 201, 204, 227-228, 

 286, 504 



intra-ocular proportions in, 174 



iris in, 678 



coloration of, 545, 550, 679 



lens in, 201, 683 



need for binocularity in, 312 



nictitating membrane in, 426 



optic axes in, 297 



optic chiasma in, 319-320 



origin and evolution of, 135, 139, 504, 



516-517, 676 

 pupils of, 221, 227-228 

 retina in, 201, 685-686 



vessels of, 654, 684 

 size of, 228 



size of eye and image in, 176, 677 

 surgical interchange of eye muscles in, 312 

 tapetum lucidum in, 233, 241, 245 

 visual cells of, 685-686 

 visual fields of, 296-297 

 zonule in, 682-683 

 Prionace (elasmobranch: great blue shark) 

 habits and nictitating membrane of, 429 

 pupil of, 220, 222 

 Pristis (elasmobranch: sawfish) 

 entering fresh water, 372 

 habitus and ocular aim of, 385 

 Pristurus (reptile: a diurnal gecko), pupil 



and visual cells of, 627 

 Proboscidea: elephants, q.v. 

 Procavia (mammal: hyrax; cony) 

 cones of, 688 

 diurnality of, 686 



pupil and umbraculum of, 219, 221-222 

 taxonomic position of, 676 

 Procoela (amphibians: an anuran suborder), 

 Proechidna: Zaglossus, q.v. [593 



PromicTOps (teleost: an epinephelid; spotted 

 jewfish), eye-movements, pupil, 

 and possible fovea of, 304-305 

 pronghorn: Antilocapra, q.v. 

 Propithecus (mammal: an indrisine lemur), 



diurnality in, 515 

 ProsimicB: Lemuroidea, q.v.; 228*, 515* 

 protanopia, 99* 

 protective devices (see adnexa, coloration, 



spectacle) 

 ProteidcE (amphibians: a urodele family; 

 Necturus + Proteus [ + Haideo- 

 triton?]) 

 ocular and other characteristics of, 600 

 scleral cartilages in, 602 

 Proteus (amphibian: European cave sala- 

 mander; Grottenqllm) 

 degenerate eye of, 390, 407 



recrudescence of, 390 

 scleral cartilages of, 602 

 Protopterus (dipnoan: African lungfish) 

 accommodation (lacking) in, 263 

 chorioid of, 590, 654 

 compared with lamprey and amphibian, 

 cornea of, 590 [604-605 



dermal color changes in, 537 

 habits of, 222-223 

 iris of, 220, 222, 590 

 lens of, 590 

 optic nerve of, 591 



