768 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



Protopterus — cont'd 



pupil of, 160, 220, 222, 590 

 relationships of, 135-136, 589 

 retina of, 263, 590-591, 598 

 pigment epithelium of, 44 

 sclera of, 590 

 spectacle of, 590 



visual cells of, 55, 591, 600, 605 

 vitreal vessels of, 590, 653-654 

 Psammophis (reptile: Saharan arrow snake), 



spectacle of, 450 

 Psephurus (chondrostean: a spoonbill), 137, 



264, 569 

 Psettodes (teleost: primitive flatfish), migra- 

 tion of eye in, 385 

 Pseud acris (amphibian: a hylid anuran), 

 scleral cartilage (lacking) in, 

 595, 602 

 Pseudemys (reptile: a terrapin), nocturnality 



and rod: cone ratio of, 216 

 pseudo-tapetum : retinal tapetum lucidum; 



235* 

 pseudobranch, 118, 581*, 598 

 Pseudopleuronectes (teleost: winter floun- 

 der), dermal color changes in, 530 

 Pterois (teleost: lionfish), concealing color- 

 ation of eye in, 546-547 

 Pteromys (mammal: giant flying-squirrel; 



taguan), possible tapetum lucidum 

 Pteropus (mammal: a fruit-bat) [in, 241 



retina and chorioid of, 255 

 retinal tapetum lucidum of, 684 

 puffers: Spharoides (q.y.) et al 

 falciform process (lacking) in, 582 

 peculiar corneae of, 580 

 vitreal vessels of, 582-583 

 punctce lacrimalia, 39-40* 

 pupil (see also iris, muscles of; pinhole) 

 accommodation and, 272-273 (Table 

 amuscular, 160, 222-223, 590 [VIII) 

 aphakic space of, 185-186, 221, 261, 293 

 fovea and, 185-186, 305 

 visual field and, 290, 299 

 blocking of, by lens, 264, 376, 434, 437- 



438, 440-441, 444, 592 

 changes of, 76-77, 80, 150 (Table II), 

 153-163, 679 

 reflex, 156-158, 185, 325, 475, 630 

 speed of, 157, 222, 501, 614 

 concealment of, 544, 548-549 

 control of, 185, 475 



voluntary (?), 156, 162, 446 

 corpora nigra of, 2 1 9, 679 

 in deep-sea fishes, 398-400 

 double 



apparent, 433-434 

 real, 434-435, frontispiece 

 effect of wavelength on, 474, 500-501 



functions of, 17-18, 153-154, 214, 428, 630 

 keyhole, 185-186; 221, 225, 293, 299. 

 lid-opening and, 428, 447, 630 

 mydriatic rigor of, 159*, 159 

 nodules of, 266-267, 596-598, 692 



(entries for pp. 266, 273 ) 

 operculum of, 158-160, 219-222, 228, 

 dual, 222 [386, 414 



umbraculum type of, 219 

 response to drugs by, 157 

 sexual differences in, 226 

 shapes of, 217-228, 218-219, 223, 225, 

 678 

 distribution of, 220-221 (Table VI) 

 size of 



efl^ects of, 211-212, 214, 225, 377, 386 

 physiological, 77, 156-157 

 in sleep, 630 



slit, 165-168, 203, 223-224, 627 

 lid-opening and, 428, 447 

 orientation of, 428, 447 

 rarity of, in birds, 226 

 visual field and, 225, 293, 299, 376, 443, 



447, 592-593 

 TAXONOMiCALLY, 220-221 (Table VI) 



and: 

 lampreys, 158 

 elasmobranchs, 150, 155, 158-159, 219, 



222, 224-225, 382 

 sturgeons, 160, 222 

 holosteans, 222 

 teleosts, 158, 160-161, 222, 382-383, 



433-434, 435, frontispiece 

 dipnoans, 150, 160, 222-223, 590 

 amphibians, 157-158, 161, 218-219, 223- 

 224, 592-593, 596, 692 (entries 

 for pp. 266, 273 ) 

 chelonians, 224, 437 

 crocadilians, 224, 501 

 Sphenodon, 224 

 lizards, 224 



geckoes, 166, 168, 203, 223-224, 627 

 snakes, 166, 221, 225 

 birds, 162, 226, 439, 501 

 monotremes, 668 

 sirenians, 410 

 whales, 414 



man, 17-18, 68, 76-77, 80 

 pupillary membrane, I 15-116* 

 pupilloscopy, pupillometry: measurement of 

 the pupil as a criterion of bright- 

 ness; 475, 491 

 Purkinje phenomenon, 87-88*, 92, 491* 

 isochromatic, 475* 



TAXONOMICALLY: 



fishes, 474-475, 477-478, 486, 490 

 amphibians, 490-491, 493 

 crocodilians, 496 



