776 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



spectacle — cont'd 



primary, 258, 380, 419, 436, 449*-453, 

 451, 556, 593, 604, 606 

 conversion of, into conjunctiva, 259, 

 451-452,579 

 secondary, 432, 449*, 453-454, 459-460, 

 tertiary, 449*, 451 [579,590 



fishes, 383, 454, 459-461 

 reptiles, 418, 423, 427-428, 454, 455- 

 457, 458-459, 625, 627, 633-634 

 spectrum 

 absorption-, of water 



rhodopsin and, 373-375, 462 

 equal -energy, 91 

 grand, 4 (Table I), 462 

 neutral point in, 98 

 photopic, 92-93, 195 

 physical, 82 



psychological, 82, 94, 462 

 scotopic, 91-92 

 transmission-, of ocular media, 194, 196, 



199, 462, 521 

 visible, 462 



limits of, in man and animals, 462, 

 471, 491, 494-498 

 speed, vision and (see also movement), 

 345-347 

 ocular size and, 174, 346 

 spermophile (see squirrels, ground-) 

 Sphcerodactylus (reptile: a spectacled gecko) 

 diurnality in, 203, 627 

 eye- and body-size in, 203 

 pupil in, 203, 220, 627 

 visual cells of, 627 

 Sphceroides (teleost: puffer), eye-movements, 

 pupil, and possible fovea of, 304- 

 Sphenifcus (bird: a pjenguin) [305 



binocular field (lacking) in, 291, 295 

 monocular fixation by, 295 

 Sphenodon (reptile: sole living rhynchoceph- 

 alian), 692 (entry for p. 270) 

 accommodation in, 272-273, 619-621 

 adnexa of, 420-421, 458, 617 

 binocular vision in, 306 

 bridge-membrane of, 618-619, 624 

 chorioid of, 617 



ciliary body of, 618-619, 623-624 

 color vision (?) in, 497, 519-520 

 conus papillaris in, 620-621, 653, 657 

 cornea of, 617 

 eye of, 616-621, 618 



compared with lizard, 616-617, 622-623 

 departure of, from standard reptilian 



pattern, 622 

 size and shape of, 617, 620 

 fovea in, 187-189, 202, 620-621 



chorioidal pigmentation opposite, 617 

 habits of, 150, 200, 657 



iris of, 617-620, 647 

 lens of, 618-621 

 optic nerve of, 620-621 

 parietal eye of, 340 

 pupil of, 220, 224, 621 



mobility of, 150 

 retina of, 189, 620-621, 623 

 scleral cartilage of, 617-618 

 scleral ossicles of, 270, 274, 617-618, 620 

 taxonomic pjosition of, 138, 616 

 visual acuity of, 206 

 visual cells of, 150, 621 



compared with other sauropsidans, 616, 



621, 661 

 cone-origin of rods, 167, 190, 497, 520 

 oil-droplets of, 200, 202 

 rhodopsin (lacking) in, 78 

 vestigial character of cone population, 

 150, 216, 621, 623, 661 

 Sphyrna (= 2yg<r«d; elasmobranch: hammer- 

 head shark) 

 'nictitating membrane' of, 563 

 optic pedicel of, 564 

 pupil of, 222 

 spider monkey: Ateleus, q.v. 

 Spinachia (teleost), color vision in, 473 

 Spinax: Etmopterus, q.v. 

 spoonbills: Polyodon, Psephurus, qq.v. 

 spotted dogfish: Scylliorhinus, q.v. 

 spotted jewfish: Promicrops, q.v. 

 spotted night snake: Hypsiglena, q.v. 

 sprat, falciform process in, 582 

 Squalus (elasmobranch: dogfish) 

 Descemet's layers in, 566 

 mydriatic pupil rigor in, 159 

 osmotic pressure of aqueous in, 372 

 Squamata (order of reptiles: lizards + snakes, 



qq.v.), 622*; eyes of, 622-640 

 Squatina (elasmobranch: monkfish, angel- 

 habitus of [fish) 

 and eye aim, 385 

 and pupil, 222 

 lid-complex in, 386 

 visual cells of, 568 

 squint: in the lay sense, looking through 

 partly-closed lids; in the technical 

 sense, a fixed convergence or diver- 

 gence of the optic axes — cross- 

 eyedness (= strabismus, q.v.) 

 squirrel monkey: Saimiri, q.v. 

 squirrels: rodent family Sciuridae (see also 

 Marmota, Sciurus) 

 accommodation and refraction in, 287, 

 area centralis in, 187 [681-682 

 color vision in, 513-515 

 coloration of iris in, 545 

 eye-movements of, 312 

 eyeshine in, 230 



