780 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



Torpedo (elasmobranch: a batoid; electric 

 pigmented cornea of, 219, 433 [ray) 



pupil and operculum of, 220, 222, 386 

 retina of, 568 

 torrent ducks: Merganetta spp.; 439 

 tortoises: terrestrial chelonians, q.v. 

 Toxotes (teleost: archer-fish) 



binocular field of, 292, 304 



fovea (lacking) in, 304 



habits and eye of, 435 

 trabeculae: strut-like columns of supportive 



tissue 

 Trachinus (teleost: weever), fovea in, 304 

 Trachurus (teleost: a scombroid; horse-mack- 

 erel), binocular field of, 292 

 Trachycephalus (amphibian: an anuran), 



pupil of, 223 

 Trachysaurus (reptile: a scincid lizard) 



lid window of, 450 



visual fields of, 294 

 Tragulus (mammal: mouse-deer, chevrotain ) 



corpora nigra (lacking) in, 679 



retinal vessels of, 684 



taxonomic position of, 679, 684 

 Trautman, 551 



tree-frogs, tree-toads: Hylidae and some 

 smaller anuran families; accom- 

 modation and habits of, 436 

 tree-shrew: Tupaia, q.v. 

 tree-snake. East Indian long-nosed: Dryophis, 

 Trendelenburg, 91, 515 [^.v. 



TretjakofF, 597; eye-origin theory of, 130-133 

 Trichechus (mammal: manatee) 



as basis of 'mermaid' legend, 407 



eye and vision of, 408-410, 409 

 ' pupil of, 447 

 Trichosurus (mammal: cuscus) 



anterior segment of, 673 



cornea of, 671 



habits of, 227 



optic chiasma of, 319 



pupil of, 221, 227 

 Trigla (teleost: gurnard) 



binocular field of, 292 



dermal color changes of, 481 

 Trimeresurus (reptile: a crotalid snake), 



optic axes of, 294 

 Trimorphodon (reptile: a colubrid snake) 



fibrous tunic of, 628 



retina and pupil of, 168 



visual cells of, 63, 168, 638 

 Trionychoidea (reptiles: soft-shelled turtles) , 

 tritanopia, 99* [fovea in, 612 



Triton: Triturus, q.v. 

 Triturus (amphibian: newt) 



cartilage and bone in sclera of, 274, 601 



dermal color changes in, 536 



ocular camouflage in, 546-547 



retinal summation in, 603 

 visual cells of, 603 

 Troglichthys (teleost: an amblyopsid), 



degenerate eye of, 387 

 Tropidophis (reptile: a bold snake) 

 canal of Schlemm in, 629-630 

 fibrous tunic of, 628 

 retina of, 167, 636 

 trout: SalmonidjB (in part), q.v. 

 trunkfishes: teleost family Ostraciidae 

 falciform process (lacking) in, 582 

 peculiar comecE of, 580 

 vitreal vessels of, 582-583 

 Trygon (elasmobranch: a sting ray), pupil- 

 lary operculum of, 386 

 Trypauchen (teleost: a goby), degenerate 



eye of, 210, 387 

 tubular eyes, 212-213, 400-403, 642-643, 

 677-678 

 accessory retinae of, 257, 400-401 

 accommodation in, 262 

 Matthiessen's ratio in, 264 

 ontogeny and phylogeny of, 400-403, 401 

 upward aim of, 402-403 

 Tubulidentata (order of mammals: 'eden- 

 tates' [in part]; see Orycteropus) , 

 tuna: Thunnus, q.v. [676* 



Tupaia (mammal: tree-shrew) 

 diurnality of, 199, 201, 517, 676 

 possible color vision of, 517 

 retina and visual cells of, 201, 685-686, 

 taxonomic position of, 139, 517 [688 



yellow lens of, 191, 199, 201 

 Tupinambis (reptile: a teiid lizard), ciliary 



muscle of, 624 

 turbot: Scophthalmus, q.v. 

 Tardus (bird: thrush genus containing 



American 'robin'), retina in, 659 



turkey, eye of, 420, 650 



turtles: reptilian order Chelonia (^.v.); or 



(in strictest sense) marine chel- 



Twain, 658 [onians 



two-point limen: the angle subtended at the 



eye by two points which can just 



be seen to be separate; in man, 350 



Tylopoda (mammals- camels, llamas, etc.), 



676*; tapetum lucidum in, 241 

 Typhlachirus (teleost: a flatfish; blind sole), 



vestigial eye of, 210 

 Typhlias (teleost: a cave brotulid), ecolog- 

 ical history of, 388 

 Typhlogobius (teleost: Californian blind 

 adhesive disc of, 432 [goby) 



commensalism (with shrimp) of, 388 

 experimental pigmentation of, 533-534 

 Typhlomolge (amphibian: a cave salaman- 

 degenerate eye of, 407 [der) 



occasional scleral cartilage of, 602 



