784 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



vitreous humor — cont'd 



of lampreys, 268, 560 



of reptiles, 610-611, 624, 630-631 



of teleosts, 584, 61 1 



tinting of, in jaundice, 100 



vestigial status of, 286 



water-content of, 371-373 



in zonule, 267, 596 

 Viverridae (mammals: a carnivore family; 



civets etc.), pupils in, 227 

 Vomer (teleost: a scombroid; look-down), 



eye aim of, 293 

 vomeronasal organ, 424* 

 vorticose veins, 14, 51*, 558 

 Vulpes (mammal: fox), tapetum lucidum 



of, 232 

 vultures, areee, foveje, and habits of, 187,307 



W 

 Wagner, H., 495-496 

 Wagner, R., 657 

 wagtail: Motacilla, q.v. 

 Wald, 100, 375 

 Walker, C, 550 

 Walker, E., 230 

 wallabies (mammals: smaller macropodids) 



color vision in, 518 



habits of, 227, 518 



pupils of, 227 

 walleye, wall-eyed 'pike': Stizostedion, q.v. 

 Walton, 510-511 



walrus: Odobcenus (a pinniped, q.v.), pupil 

 warblers, eye size in, 641 [of, 447 



Washburn, 473, 511 

 water 



-balance of fishes, 370-373 



deep, characteristics of, 393-395 



properties of, 369-380, 462, 488-489 



-surface, vision through, 377-379, 378 



visibility through, 375-376 



vision in (see aquatic, amphibious activity) 

 water-ouzel: dipper, q.v. 

 water-snakes (do not include river-snakes, 



sea-snakes [^^.v.]; see also Na/rix) 



accommodation and refraction in, 272-273 

 soft lenses and, 282-283, 438, 630 

 Watson, 484, 498, 508-511, 516 

 wavelength, units of, 4 

 Waugh, 510 



weasel, color change in, 524 

 Weber, 537, 539; law of, 464, 534*535 

 weeping, psychic, 41 

 weever: Trachinus, q.v. 

 Weldon, 524 

 Wessely, 646, 651, 657 

 whales (mammals: order Cetacea) 



accommodation and refraaion in, 272-273 



biology of, 410-412 



blue, size of eye in, 677 



ciliary body, shape of, in, 286 



ciliary processes in, 681 



compared with crocodilians, 422 



compared with sirenians, 408, 412, 422 



deep swimming by, 209-210 



eyes in, 412-417, 413 



size of, 171, 415, 445, 677 



fixation by, 310 



habits of, 368-369, 410-417 



iris in, 678 



lashlessness of, 426 



lens in, 445-446, 683 



muscle of Mijller in, 272,, 285 



necklessness of, 377 



pupil in, 221 



operculum of, 162, 219 



retina in, 216 



sclera in, thickness of, 415-417, 569 



tapetum lucidum in, 233, 241 



taxonomic position of, 139, 675 



vision of, 210, 375-376 

 wheel, movement of, 352 

 whip-poor-will, eyeshine of, 646 

 whip-snakes: Masticophis {q.v.) et al; 



yellow lenses of, 199 

 White, 483 

 white valence, 86* 

 Wilson, 541-542 



Winslow, little stars of, 232*, 234 

 Winterid (deep-sea teleost), forward aim of 



tubular eyes in, 402 

 Wojtusiak, 494-496 

 Wolf, 520 

 wolf (a canid carnivore) 



habits, eye size, and tapetum lucidum of, 



optic axes of, 297 [145 



Wolff, 487 



wolverine, tapetum lucidum of, 234 

 woodchuck: Marmota, q.v. 

 woodcock: a snipe, q.v. 

 woodpeckers (bird family Picidae) 



chorioid in, 645-646 



Gemminger's ossicle in, 643 



oil-droplet colors of, 502 

 worm-lizards: burrowing, degenerate-eyed 

 lizards of the families Amphis- 

 bcenidcP, Euchirotids, Dibamidae, 

 Anelytropidffi (qq.v.) 



California: Aniella, q.v. 



eyes of, 458 



habits of, 200 



spectacles of, 450 

 worm-snakes: burrowing, degenerate-eyed 



snakes of the families Typhlopida 

 Leptotyphlopidae (= Glauconiids ) , 

 qq.v.; habits of, 201 

 Worth, 503 



