XIV 



Figs. 8. 9. 10. Spicules from basal part, magnified. 



Figure 11 a, b) Spicules, double spheres from the polyp-cell, magnified. 



Figs. 12, 13. Spicules from the anterior part of the body, magnified. 



Figure 14 a, b) Surface, exceedingly thorny spicules from the tentacles, magnified. 



Figs. 15, 16. Club-shaped spicules from the tentacles, magnified. 



Figure 17. Spicule from the pinnule, magnified. 



Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21. Radially spindleshaped and club-formed spicules from outer wall of oesophagus, magnified. 



Figure 22. Cruciform spicule Vicrling. from oesophagus, magnified. 



— 23. Flat, ramified spicule from do., magnified. 



— 24. An embryo (gastrula). taken from the gastric cavity of the female, magnified: a) oral orifice: b) ectoderm. 



— 25. A more developed embryo, magnified: a; stomach, with its oral orifice; b) ectoderm. 



— 26. A larva detached from the parent animal and affixed to a stalk, magnified: a) the stalk; b) small spicules; c) ec- 



toderm; d) entoderm. 



PI. YIII 



Figure i. Haimeia hyalina, attached to Saxicava arctica. magnified: a) ventricose part of the body; b) flat, diskoid basal 

 part; c; oral orifice; d; oesophagus; e) a double star; fi extremities of the riband-shaped prominences on the 

 pinnules. 



— 2. Ectodermic cells, highly magnified. 



Figs. 3, 4, 5. Cruciform spicules (Vierlingi from body of coral, magnified. 



— 6, 7. Club-shaped spicules do. do. 



Figure 8. Spindleshaped spicules do. do. 



— 9. A piece of a tentacle from body of coral, magnified: a) spicules at base of pinnule; b) the riband-shaped promi- 



nences on the aboral surface of the pinnule, densely beset with nematocysts, 



— 10. A branch of Briareum Frielei, natural size: a) a knob on the branch; b) astral opening for the retracted polyp; 



c) coenenchym; d) axis. 



— II. Transverse section of axis, natural size: a) coenenchym; b) axis. 



— 12. Oral disk and tentacles of a polyp, magnified: a) pinnule; b) oral disk; c) mouth. 



— 13. Transverse section of a branch, magnified: a) connective tissue; b) prolongation of connective tissue; c) longi- 



tudinal canal in the coenenchym; d) a longitudinal canal in the axis, with its epithel; e) calcareous rods; f) limit 



between the coenenchym and the axis. 

 Figs. 14, 15, 16. Single and double stars from surface of coenenchym, magnified. 

 Figure 17. Long thorny spindles from the inner coenenchym, magnified. 



— 18. ■ Cruciform spicule (Vierling) from do. do. 



— 19 a, b, c, d) Double stars from the polyps, magnified. 



Figs. 20, 21. Rosettes from the pinnules of the tentacles, magnified. 

 Figure 22. A tentacle with its calcareous corpuscles, magnified. 

 Figs. 23. 24. Calcareous rods from the axis, magnified. 

 Figure 25. An assemblage of such rods, magnified. 



— 26. Longitudinal section of a knob, magnified : a) zooid with eggs. 



PI. IX. 



Figure i. Paragorgia nodosa, natural size: a) trunk; b) basal part; c" the branch that divides; d) terminal knob of a branch, 

 with polyp; e) the branch between the knobs. 



— 2. A retracted polyp, surrounded by zooids. magnified: a) lower part of polyp-body; b zooids. 



— 3. An extended polyp, magnified: a) body of polyp; b) tentacles. 



— 4. Two polyps with zooids, magnified: a) oesophagus, with septa and calcareous corpuscles; b) gastral filaments; 



c) zooids. 



— 5. Longitudinal section of Paragorgia arborea, magnified: a) zooids with eggs; b) a polyp without generative organs. 



— 6. Thorny spindle from the coenenchym of Paragorgia nodosa, magnified. 



— 7. Double star from surrounding of a zooid, magnified. 



— 8. Transverse section of axis, magnified: a) connective tissue; b) longitudinal canals; c) spicules. 



— 9. A longitudinal canal in the axis, magnified: ai epithelial cells; b) spicules. 



— 10. A thorny spindle from the axis, magnified. 



— II. Single star from the axis, magnified. 



