I9I0.] HOPKINS— MAGIC OBSERVANCES IN HINDU EPIC. 31 



the hero solidifies a lake and lies within it hidden from his foes. 

 This is mayd but also daivayoga, " divine power," ih. 30.56. The 

 opposing- hero is then exhorted to kill the fugitive by maya, because 

 "one who uses magic should be slain by magic," 9.31.7. The 

 divine adviser, Krsna, then says " for by means of kriyd (/. c, 

 magical ceremony) the demons were killed by the gods. Thus 

 Indra slew Bali (etc.). This fellow here has used his divine mdyd 

 to hide in the water (31.4) and so you should kill him by kriyd- 

 means, just as Indra slew X'^rtra, and Rama slew Ravana, and I 

 myself of old slew the two ancient demons Taraka and Vipracitti. 

 So other demons were slain by kriyd and it is by kriyd that Indra 

 enjoys heaven" (31.14). Here the "ceremony" kriyd is syn- 

 onymous with mdyd, illustive magic, even deceit, as clearly in 

 5.35.42 where it is said that the use of Atharva Veda formulas, 

 chanddiisi, " do not save one who uses mdyd, but desert him," as 

 a sinner, parallel to one who drinks, quarrels, etc. Compare also 

 9.58.5 f., where mdyd is deception. 



Hair. 



The idea that strength resides in the hair may be indicated by 

 the ascription of very long thick hair to ogres (Raksasas). These 

 creatures have hair as thick and long as an elephant's trunk and a 

 trijatd female, that is a female ogre with her hair in three braids, 

 is especially fearful. Siva himself bears the epithet Trijata. On 

 the other hand, the sign of defeat in battle is that one stands 

 patitamurdhaja, " his head-growth fallen," that is, with loosened 

 hair, as in 3.280.66.^ Suppliants have "loose hair," 10.8. 107, and 

 ghosts are bald, ih. yi. The hair of the Yogi droops, 12.46.5, as his 

 intelligence wanes. 



The type of weakness, the eunuch, had his hair done up in a 

 braid, venlkrtasiras, 4.2.27; that is, like a woman. The one braid 

 was also a sign of mourning. In R. 2. 108.8, " The city wears but 

 one braid " means that the whole city mourns. Dishevelled hair 



^ The likeness to an elephant's trunk is made to show strength. On the 

 contrary, Sita's, the heroine's, hair is " like a black snake," being done up 

 in a long braid {kali vyallva murdhani) d'lrghaven'i, 3.28i.25f. Hair-dressing 

 kesakanna, was the occupation of a Sairandhri, 4.3.18 (jaii), a special caste. 



