I9I0.] WILDER— BRAIN OF HALF AVERAGE WEIGHT. 189 



excess of liquid, and no evidence of compression. Upon accurate 

 scales the brain was found to weigh exactly 24 ounces, or 680 

 grams, about one-half the average for male Caucasians. It was 

 placed immediately in ten per cent, formalin, and there remained 

 until sent to me more than two years later. 



Examination and Results. — At its reception by me on the thir- 

 teenth of January, 1910, the brain weighed 714 grams, having 

 enlarged slightly in the preservative. Subsequent immersion in 

 alcohol reduced the weight to 682 grams on February 7 and on 

 April 6 to 512, a trifle over 18 ounces. Of this total, after tran- 

 section at the midbrain, the cerebrum proper represented 404 grams 

 and the cerebellum, with the pons and oblongata, 108; the ratio is 

 less than 4 to i instead of the usual ratio of about 8 to i. Indeed, 

 the cerebellum seems nearly normal in size and form, while the 

 cerebrum lacks about one-half the usual weight and is peculiar in 

 several respects. 



Form of the Cerebrum. — The present disproportionate width 

 and the flatness of the middle of the dorsum are probably due to 

 the weight of the brain itself as it hardened in a liquid of less 

 specific gravity. To the same cause may be ascribed some of the 

 divarication of the occipital lobes and the concomitant exposure of 

 the cerebellum; respecting the original conditions in these respects 

 there are neither records nor recollections. The occipital lobes 

 are very slender, and their cavities are slight. The cunei, asso- 

 ciated with vision, are extremely narrow, but the parts of the tem- 

 poral lobes associated with smell are well developed, and the post- 

 rhinal fissures distinct. On both sides the insula is partly visible, 

 but that sometimes occurs with ordinary brains, and in the supe- 

 rior brain of a philosopher, Chauncey Wright. On the left the 

 insula has been fully exposed by removing the operculums ; it is 

 small, presents no true fissures, and resembles a rounded ridge 

 curved sharply about a deep pit at the dorsal side. The precunei, 

 regarded as " association areas," seem fairly well developed. 

 Whether there is a marked deficiency of the " speech center," the 

 subfrontal gyre (Broca's convolution) I am not yet prepared to 

 state. Transections of the right hemicerebrum at four levels indi- 

 cate unusual smallness of the cavities, and a reduction in the alba 



