79 



is uncertain. My .study of the animal induces ine to classify 

 Parmella as a distinct and well defined genus of the Helicarionina^, 

 allied to Parmarion and Painnacochlea but more closely to 

 Cystopelta. The slender foot and the bag-like visceral hump 

 give it externally a strong resemblance to the latter. 



The length of the animal (a spirit specimen^ from muzzle to 

 tail is 14 mm., from muzzle to posterior end of visceral hump 

 16 mm. Visceral hump very large, detached from and overlapping 

 in length and breadth the slender foot, above protected by the 

 shell, which gives to it a flattened outline, beneath enclosed in a 

 thin transparent membrane through which the liver and intestines 

 are plainly visible. Mantle reddish-brown dotted with black, 

 finely papillate entire, free anterior to the pulmonary orifice, with 

 a loose fold on the neck, covering the shell for 4 mm. anteriorly 

 and for 2 mm. on either side ; posteriorly the shell is l)are to the 

 periphery. A few millemetres l^elow the shell the mantle loses 

 its papillate aspect, becomes thinner and about the periphery of 

 the visceral mass merges into the thin membrane. The tail is 

 furnished with a terminal mucous pore not cleft to the sole and 

 apparently overhung by a horn, but the shrunken specimen did 

 not permit this detail to be clearly observed. A pedal line runs 

 from this pore to the lips Anterior to the pore the tail is 

 (apparently) keeled, and then broadens into the usual saddle-like 

 space. The tail and muzzle are reddish-brown, a black line runs 

 from beneath the anterior angle of the mantle to the mucous pore 

 and another along the pedal line. Of the shell I add a rough 

 sketch, but I leave the description to the abler pen of ]\lr. Brazier. 

 8o limp is the fringe of epidermis that I could not extract it 

 untorn, and to expand it for drawing I had to float it out in 

 water. Africarion ater, Austen (L. ct F. W. Moll, of India, 

 pi. 57, fig. 4), possesses a similar fringe. The initial whorls were 

 occupied by the testicle. 



To my great regret T destroyed the jaw in dissecting it out, 

 but succeeded in preserving a remarkable radula. This is longer 

 than broad, somewhat cordate in outline, the rows nearly flat 

 until on reaching a central crest they curve to meet at an acute 

 angle. The graceful rachidian rather reseml)les that of DuryeUa 

 khasica, as figured by Col. God win- Austen ; the basal plate is 

 hidden by the reflection which arises in an oval, then contracts 

 and again expanding presents a tricuspid cutting point. The 

 laterals are much curved, armed with a round blunt point and a 

 small proximal cusp, they retreat from the rachidian at an angle 

 of 45', and after a series of fifteen, pass through a few transition 

 forms into the minute marginals. These have a straight cusp, 

 and are so contorted that the base of each is beneath the blade 

 of its distal neighbour. I estimated that the odontophore 

 contained 145 rows, whose formula was 300.15.1.15.300, makin» 



