TWENTIETH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II 107 



increased 45 per cent and fat production 35 per cent. There has never 

 been a live cow-testing association that did not very materially improve 

 the herds under test, because of the weeding out of the poorer individuals 

 from the herd and of finding the better individuals and from them saving 

 the best heifers for replenishing the herd. 



The value of liberal feeding was illustrated in still another place. A 

 cow that had been stinted on feed produced 2,742 pounds milk and 131 

 pounds fat in one year. Another cow, very similar in appearance to the 

 cow just mentioned, but which had been liberally fed, produced 5,558 

 pounds milk and 245 pounds fat. There was an increase in this case of 

 103 per cent in the quantity of milk and 87 per cent in the quantity of fat 

 from liberal feeding. The net profit obtained from a liberally fed cow 

 was also much greater than that from the cow that was stinted on feed. 



One of the exhibits in the state college building which didn't show any- 

 thing particularly new attracted a great deal of attention. It was an ex- 

 hibit that called attention to the fact that milk and cream can be cooled 

 with well water to 45 or 50 degrees Fahrenheit, as that is the temperature 

 of Iowa well water when it comes fresh from the pump. The exhibit 

 showed a wooden tank placed between the pump and stock watering tank, 

 so arranged that all water pumped ran through this cooling tank before 

 reaching stock tanks. As stated, this scheme is not a new one by any 

 means. It is one that has been practiced by the better farmers for 50 

 years or more. Nevertheless, it is a practice that is not in common use. 

 In fact, not over 10 per cent of the men who sell cream are provided with 

 cooling tanks. When sour cream is delivered to the creamery, first-class 

 butter cannot be produced from it. Cream must be sweet when it reaches 

 the creamery if high-class butter is to be manufactured. 



That there is a decided difference in the quality of butter made from 

 cream that is sweet when it is delivered to the creamery as compared 

 with that which is sour when delivered, has been demonstrated by sev- 

 eral creameries where these cooling tanks have been installed on the 

 farm of every patron. Last year, for example, 2,000 patrons of Iowa co- 

 operative creameries furnished sweet cream to their creameries and as a 

 result these creameries were able to pay three cents more for butter fat 

 because they could market their product at a higher price. If by this 

 simple process of cooling the cream with well water the farmer can get 

 three cents more a pound for his .butter fat it is certainly a practice well 

 worth following. 



The matter of spraying farm orchards has been discussed in season 

 and out of season by the farm press for many years and yet very little 

 spraying is being done. Farmers continue to allow insects and fungus 

 diseases to ruin their fruit whereas with a little extra work and money 

 spent for chemicals they could produce as choice fruit as is produced 

 anywhere in the world. The difference in the appearance of apples from 

 unsprayed and sprayed trees was illustrated in an exhibit put on by the 

 State College and it was very striking. Some facts in regard to the 

 value of spraying were given by F. M. Harrington in charge of this ex- 

 hibit. He stated that last year spraying tests were made in seven 

 orchards. A total of 2,940 trees were sprayed and the crop harvested 



