TWENTIETH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI 543 



Another thing which caused a lot of our creameries to close and kept 

 others from being organized, was the shipping of cream by the farmers 

 themselves. Had the various traveling men and solicitors explained the 

 churn over-run, and showed the loss resulting from shipping cream, the 

 creamery business would have been benefited. The people were also told 

 by some of our men in authority that in order to start a creamery, they 

 had to have at least 500 cows. H^ad this advice been listened to, there 

 never would have been a single creamery company organized. 



After the various agricultural colleges were started we began to study 

 and learn how to explain the proper methods of feeding. All we did 

 before we found this out, was to feed regardless of the kind of animal 

 or the quantity necessary to accomplish any good. We did not know how 

 necessary it was to get rid of the "star boarders." Not one man in a 

 thousand ever kept any account of what he sold or what he fed, and I 

 am sorry to say that I believe not one out of a hundred of our farmers 

 today, really know what they are doing. Most of them simply sow and 

 reap, feed and sell feed, and never balance their accounts at the end of 

 the year to see if they are making any profit. As a result they are com- 

 pelled to go to their banks and borrow enough to tide them over until the 

 next year, never knowing what caused the losses which made them 

 borrow. 



