SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII 



441 



Cultivation: Although the hardy evergreens will often survive if not 

 given any cultivation after planting, their growth will be retarded by the 

 presence of sod, weeds, and brush. In the case of the slow-growing 

 evergreens which will not stand shading, the young trees may actually 

 be killed by the overtopping of grass and weeds. In all cases, therefore, 

 give the evergreen plantation frequent cultivation and continue until 

 the trees are well established or until the branches interfere with the 

 cultivation. Trees will respond to good cultivation the same as corn or 

 garden crops and this point should not be overlooked. 



Protection Afjainst Live Stock: It is practically impossible to secure 

 a good shelterbelt or woodlot unless all livestock are shut out from the 

 planted area, at least until the trees are large enough to prevent serious 

 breakage. Even then the trees may be injured, not only by the rubbing 

 of the animals, but by their tramping and packing the soil about the 

 roots. In a windbreak or shelterbelt it is generally desirable to have 

 good protection against the wind close to the ground. Livestock in- 



Douglas fir seedling 

 bUie spruce seedling 



Showing the root development of 

 after one season's growth. 

 Showing the root development of 

 after finishing the first growing season. 

 A yellow pine seedling after the first season. The roots of 

 this tree sometimes are 15 to IS inches long after one sea- 

 son's growth. 



White fir seedling after the first growing season. The firs 

 and spruces tend to send out more lateral rootlets than the 

 pines. 

 A jack pine seedling after one summer's growth. 



