SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII 443 



Planting: For windbreaks and shelterbelts space white pine trees 

 8 to 10 feet apart in the rows, and the rows 10 to 12 feet apart. Use 

 transplanted stock 6 to 18 inches high. 



For woodlot planting space about 8 by 8 feet apart. For extensive 

 work, use trees not to exceed 6 or 8 inches high. Plantations at 40 

 to 60 years of age in Iowa will produce 20,000 to 50,000 feet of lumber 

 and yield good money returns. Commercial planting should be restrict- 

 ed to sandy or gravelly areas, steep slopes and isolated patches of land 

 where agricultural crops can not be profitably grown. 



For lawn or street planting the trees may be placed singly, or If the 

 yard is sufficiently large, they may be grouped to present a larger and 

 denser mass of foliage. For ornamental planting, it is generally not 

 advisable to attempt to plant trees larger than 3 or 4 feet high, unless 

 the planter is willing to go to an excessive expense. 



For general planting in Iowa, the white pine is probably as valuable 

 as any of the evergreen species and will be used extensively in the 

 future.* 



KED PixE (NORWAY pixe) — (Piuus rcsinosa) 



The Tree: The native range of the red pine is much the same as 

 the white pine, although it is not native to Iowa. Young trees grown 

 in Iowa are very symmetrical in form, more stocky than the white pine 

 and the foliage has a coarse appearance, due to the relatively large 

 needles. The old bark is reddish brown in color. In its native range 

 the trees often attain a diameter of 3 feet. In central Iowa, on good 

 soil, the red pine equal the growth of white pine during at least the 

 first ten years and probably for the first 15 or 20 years. The red pine 

 will withstand a poor sandy soil, in fact, a poorer one than the white 

 pine. Although it does best on a moist, porous soil, it will make a very 

 satisfactory growth on relatively dry situations. The tree is more in- 

 tolerant of shade than the white pine, and, consequently, should not 

 be planted under the shade of other trees or along with other species 

 which grow faster and may overtop it. 



The Wood: The wood of the red pine is light, close grained, rela- 

 tively hard and of a pale reddish color. It is of less technical value 

 than the white pine, principally because of its dark color and greater 

 hardness. It is used in general construction work, for box boards, lum- 

 ber, piling and for numerous other purposes. In Iowa the consumption 

 of this v/ood is much less than for the white pine. 



Planting: The red pine has not been extensively planted in Iowa, but 

 its worth should make it a desirable tree for many localities. 



For windbreak and shelterbelt planting the tree equals in desirability 

 the white pine except for the prejudice of some people against the coarse 

 appearance of its foliage. Space the trees 8 to 10 feet in the rows and 

 the rows 10 to 14 feet. One of the spruces (Norway or Black Hills) 



•Extreme care should be exercised to secure white pine stock only 

 from nurseries or regions which are free from white pine blister rust. This 

 rust is doing- great damage to the white pine trees of eastern United States. 



