550 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII 



The feed constituents most desired in concentrates are protein and 

 fat. Proteins furnish the materials from which body tissues — muscles, 

 hair, hide and horn — are built, while fats furnish heat and energy and 

 build up body fat. 



Linseed oil meal, pea size or as a meal, is a standard feed with old 

 cattle feeders. It has a high percentage of protein, usually running 

 about 34%. It has the added advantages of being liked by most cattle, 

 and of having a beneficial effect upon the digestive system. It has laxa- 

 tive properties, thus keeping the animals cooled out, and also giving 

 them a smoother appearance by keeping the hair smooth and glossy. 

 As a general rule, not over one and one-half to two pounds per day 

 should be fed at any time. 



Frequently club members have trouble getting their calves to eat 

 oil meal. From the experience of a good many, pea-sized meal is to be 

 much preferred over the finely ground meal. A good many make the mis- 

 take of trying to get the calf to eat a full feed of oilmeal from the 

 start, and are disappointed when they find that the calf has eaten the 

 rest of the feed and left the oilmeal in the box. Preferably, the calf 

 should be started on a feed of oilmeal very slowly. If you have the pea- 

 sized meal, mix just a very little in with the feed and he probably will- 

 eat it along with his corn and oats. Another way is to take a little meal, 

 and when he's licking out the box getting the last of his feed, put it m. 

 He'll be apt to relish it then. If he absolutely refuses it and gets a bit 

 hard in his hide and hair, get some raw (be sure you get raw linseed 

 oil; boiled linseed oil is poisonous) linseed oil and put not over a table- 

 spoonful of it on his feed, mixing it well, of course, once or twice a 

 day. 



Cottonseed meal is another old standby, and is sometimes used. It 

 also has a high percentage of protein, from 36% to 44%, depending on 

 the grade, but, unlike linseed oil meal, it has rather a constipating effect 

 upon cattle. For this reason, some other feeds of a laxative nature must 

 be used with it, to offset this property. It is hardly as good a feed as 

 oilmeal for young animals. About the same amounts may be fed as 

 of linseed oil meal. 



Wheat bran runs from 12% to 13% protein, and, while rather high in 

 price, is a mighty good feed to add to the ration. It is high in protein, 

 rather bulky, and, being of a laxative nature, keeps the animal's sys- 

 tem cooled out, and the coat in good shape. It is widely used among 

 showmen, and may well be used in practically all cases. 



Gluten meal, gluten feed, germ oil meal, corn bran, and hominy feed 

 are all feeds made from corn by-products, but they are not widely used 

 among feeders. There are, of course, cases where they have given good 

 results but, where a good part of the ration is made up of corn, it is 

 better to use some other feeds to add variety to the ration. 



Ground corn or corn meal is a feed which will no doubt make up a 

 large part of the ration. Because corn is so plentiful this year, and 

 comparatively cheap, a large part of the ration should be made up of 

 corn. We believe it will be better to grind the corn than to feed it 

 shelled. You have probably noticed that where cattle were on full feed, 

 a good deal of the corn passed through the animal and was not digested. 



