TENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VIII 



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The first illustration is Parthenea Hengerveld, a Holstein cow that 

 has probably won more first and championship prizes than any other 

 Holstein cow now living. She is owned by Hon. W. B. Barney of Hamp- 

 ton, Iowa, president of the State Dairymen's Association. She was first 

 prize and champion Holstein cow at the Iowa and Wisconsin state fairs 

 this year, as well as at the National Dairy Show. The points that are 

 particularly strong about this cow are those which demonstrate her 

 great constitution, capacity and producing ability. These points are in- 

 dicated by the large, open nostril, bright eye, deep heart girth and 

 chest, well sprung rib, a deep and long body and large udder develop- 

 ment and prominent mammary veins. There was a time when cows 

 were selected largely upon the size and character of the escutcheon. 

 This was probably due to the fact that the escutheon indicated the 

 amount of blood that passed into the udder from the digestive system, 

 carrying with it those nutrients which were later to be made into milk, 

 Likewise the mammary vein which is to be seen passing forward from 

 the udder of Parthenea Hengerveld, along the abdomen and entering the 

 body through a milk well is an indication of the blood which has been 

 through the udder, freed from its nutrients and is passing back to the 

 heart and lungs for purification and to again be passed back to the di- 

 gestive apparatus to be ladened with milk making nutrients and sent 

 again on its trip. These mammary veins are all important for this rea- 

 son and, as a rule, they are never found so large and well extended as 

 in this instance on any except great producing cows, and it is very sel- 

 dom that an extremely great producing cow is found that does not have 

 large mammary veins. All cows have one of these veins on each side 

 of the body. Some cows have three of these veins, one on each side of 

 the body and one passing forward from the udder between the two out- 

 side veins. This is called a center extension. In addition to a single vein 

 passing forward to the first milk well oftentimes these veins are carried 

 forward to a second or third and often branched to a fourth or a fifth 

 milk well on one or both sides. The more tortuous these veins and the 

 more numerous the milk wells, and the larger they are, the greater the 

 amount of blood which has evidently passed through the udder carrying 

 with it the milk making nutrients. 



No. r= Dijkestra!Beauty Lad. 



